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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely spread in South Asian (ASEAN) and Indian sub-continent. The increasing healthcare costs of DM can be prevented in the developing world by improved public healthcare interventions. Modifiable risk factors of DM like sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and stressful conditions are associated with its progression; however, the epidemiological data collected by Public Institutions are limited. Summary: A review of published literature describing geographic distribution of DM and associated dementia in South Asian region, particularly India, was conducted with the purpose of assessing the feasibility and challenges associated with the Yoga-based risk reduction. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for DM and dementia-related articles by using a combination of keywords: Diabetes, Diabetes related Dementia Southeast Asia, Pre-diabetes, Yoga, lifestyle modification, Dementia and Exercise. The epidemiological data generated from these diseases have not prompted to any major public health policies. Yoga can be a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of Type 2 DM (T2DM) and its associated cognitive decline when detected early. If nationwide intervention of Yoga is brought about by the state, its integration in health care will become more meaningful and acceptable. Key Message: Studies suggest that Yoga and change in lifestyle can modify the health risks associated with T2DM and associated dementia if it is mainstreamed with the public health initiative of Ayushman Bharat scheme.

Background: India is fast becoming the diabetic capital in the world according to a recent report. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of mortality due to diabetic complications, which has enormous implications for the health budget. Objectives: The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the work carried out in the world, including modern and traditional approaches for the prevention and management of diabetes and reducing the chances of onset of further complications via cost-effective lifestyle interventions and integrative medicine. Material and Methods: We performed a literature search from various databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, etc., using the keywords diabetes, prediabetes, MCI and prediabetes, diabetes and yoga, diabetes. Results: Upon reviewing the published articles, it was noticed that one of the most neglected complications of diabetes, namely cognitive dysfunction, which is characterized by a pattern of vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD), has been largely ignored, and there has been no large study investigating the role of yoga intervention in diabetes and/or associated cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The review article opens new paradigms for researchers to evaluate the connection between diabetes and AD through a yoga-based national campaign on diabetes. This paves the way towards the goal of integrative medicine.

Purpose To study the effectiveness of diabetic yoga protocol (DYP) against management of cardiovascular risk profile in a high-risk community for diabetes, from Chandigarh, India. Methods The study was a randomized controlled trial, conducted as a sub study of the Pan India trial Niyantrita Madhumeha Bharath (NMB). The cohort was identified through the Indian Diabetes Risk Scoring (IDRS) (≥ 60) and a total of 184 individuals were randomized into intervention (n = 91) and control groups (n = 93). The DYP group underwent the specific DYP training whereas the control group followed their daily regimen. The study outcomes included changes in glycemic and lipid profile. Analysis was done under intent-to-treat principle. Results The 3 months DYP practice showed diverse results showing glycemic and lipid profile of the high risk individuals. Three months of DYP intervention was found to significantly reduce the levels of post-prandial glucose levels (p = 0.035) and LDL-c levels (p = 0.014) and waist circumference (P = 0.001). Conclusion The findings indicate that the DYP intervention could improve the metabolic status of the high-diabetes-risk individuals with respect to their glucose tolerance and lipid levels, partially explained by the reduction in abdominal obesity. The study highlights the potential role of yoga intervention in real time improvement of cardiovascular profile in a high diabetes risk cohort. Trial registration: CTRI, CTRI/2018/03/012804. Registered 01 March 2018—Retrospectively registered, http://www.ctri.nic.in/CTRI/2018/03/012804.

Objectives The main purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of comorbid conditions in diabetic, prediabetic, and nondiabetic individuals. Additionally, the current study examines the levels of awareness of those comorbidities among North Indian population. Methods As a part of a national study (Niyantrit Madhumeh Bharat [NMB] screening program), different comorbidity parameters were screened in the northern part of India between April and September 2017. There were 1,215 participants recruited in this study. Biochemical analyses of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were conducted on the study subjects. Subsequently, the study subjects were divided into diabetic, prediabetic, and nondiabetic groups based on their HbA1c results. Results The study analysis reveals a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (21.2%), ocular diseases (18%), and hypertension (13.4%) in diabetics with other comorbidities. Furthermore, the study found that a vast majority of the participants were unaware of the presence of hypertension (67.2%), dyslipidemia (84.5%), kidney disease (95.2%), peripheral vascular disease (34.5%), and stroke (95.1%). Conclusion The study concluded that in the northern India, the prevalence of multiple comorbid conditions, such as peripheral vascular disease and hypertension, is higher among diabetic population. Also, the level of awareness of diabetic comorbidities is surprisingly low, which has implications for policymakers, health practitioners, and educators of alternate medicine to increase awareness about diabetes, comorbid conditions, health risk, and possible solution at community and rural level, such as periodic screening programs in this population.

There is a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes in India. We wanted to review the status of prediabetes and diabetes in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula region based on both Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c). A total of 1215 subjects were recruited during the screening process, out of which 444 i subjects have been analysed for the current study on the basis of high risk for IDRS (≥60) and their known diabetes status. This study included 431 subjects having high risk for IDRS (≥60) and 13 known subjects with diabetes (IDRS < 60) which were further analysed for biochemical and anthropometric parameters. The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 12.67% and prediabetes 11.69% in the combined population of Chandigarh and Panchkula. There was an increased level of fasting blood glucose (183.12 ± 68.61), postprandial blood glucose (262.57 ± 96.92), triglyceride (193.84 ± 119.88), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) (34.87 ± 15.42) and High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) (4.61 ± 1.39) in the said diabetes population. Mean HDL was found to be decreased in subjects having diabetes. Glucose‐induced lipid intolerance study revealed significant alteration in triglyceride, HDL and VLDL. The study has revealed that high prevalence of diabetes in the sampled population when compared with the national average of 8.8%.

Background: Attempts for Guinness world record have continued worldwide but these attempts were rarely aimed to promote public health. Diabetes is one of the rapidly growing lifestyle disorders in India which requires awareness reinforcements among the local population. In recent studies, Yoga has proved to be useful in lifestyle modification and Diabetes management. However, most individuals from rural and urban localities in the country are unaware of this fact. Purpose: The purpose was to organizing a nationwide attempt under the Niyantrit Madhumeh Bharat (NMB) programme to break the world record to be the largest Diabetes lesson, to spread awareness among general population. Methods: Present article represents the perspective of the Chandigarh chapter of NMB programme and its experience in Guinness world record attempt. Diabetes awareness lesson was organized in the city as per the standards defined by the Guinness Book and outcomes of the entire campaign were assessed at the end of the campaign. Result: Total 498 individuals participated in the campaign. Among them, 268 participants were questioned at the end of the campaign about the role of Yoga in Diabetes. 247 participants (92%) were agreed that Diabetes can be modified by Yoga and 9 participants (3%) disagreed. The remaining 12 participants (5%) did not give any response. Conclusion: We noticed that most of the participants became aware of the role of Yoga in Diabetes.

Background and Purpose: A plethora of studies have been conducted in the past, which have proven the salutary effects of yoga practice. Yoga and other mind body techniques are deemed as stress relievers and have shown therapeutic effectiveness in preventing the development and progression of several lifestyle diseases including Diabetes. Yoga practice may help in managing Diabetes by regulating the glucose levels in blood. In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of three months of AYUSH-approved Diabetic Yoga Protocol (DYP) on high-risk individuals.