Background:Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal dysfunction. Despite strong evidence of high prevalence of depression and anxiety in IBS there is very limited research on this in India.Materials and Methods:Cases of IBS and controls with non-ulcerative dyspepsia were recruited from a gastroenterology clinic in Mumbai, India. Presence of anxiety disorder and depression were assessed by using the Hamilton Anxiety rating scale and Hamilton Depression rating scale respectively. Prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were established and Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated to determine the association of depression and anxiety disorders with IBS.Results:In IBS cases, the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder was 37.1% and 31.4% respectively. In patients with IBS the OR for depression was 6.3 (95% CI 1.6-24.74, P=0.009) and the OR for anxiety disorder was 7.56 (95% CI 1.53-37.29, P=0.01).Conclusion:The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorder in IBS is very high. Therefore, screening of IBS patients for anxiety and depression would facilitate better interventions and consequently better outcomes.
These findings demonstrate the importance of measuring the sleep cycles throughout the entire night, and the contribution of both SWS and REM sleep to memory consolidation. (PsycINFO Database Record
Perinatal hypoxia is one of the most common primary cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. WHO has defined perinatal asphyxia as a "failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth." Asphyxiated newborns are more prone to hypoxic injury so in these cases any organ can be affected but the brain, myocardium, kidneys and bowels appear to be more sensitive. 1 This study was conducted in asphyxiated newborns to interprets serum electrolytes levels and renal parameters levels in cases of birth asphyxia.
Materials and Methods:This study was done in 100 Newborn out of which 50 were cases & 50 were control from May, 2015 to May, 2016 were taken up for the study. The detailed perinatal history was obtained. Urine sample was collected by neonatal urobegs in cases and in control it was by spot sample. Blood sample were collected by routine venous sampling. Serum electrolytes levels and renal parameters were evaluated in cases and control. Results: In our study male babies had higher incidence of birth asphyxia as compared to female babies. In our study blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level was higher among cases. Therefore there is a linear correlation with severity of asphyxia. Urine sodium and urine creatinine also increased among cases and therefore they had a higher incidence with severity of asphyxia. In our study we found serum sodium level was lower among cases than the controls. There was linear correlation between severity of asphyxia. The serum potassium was higher among cases than control and serum calcium had lower with severity of birth asphyxia.
Conclusions:The study of Birth asphyxiated newborn shows that monitoring renal parameters and serum electrolytes helps in the early diagnosis and management of renal failure. Therefore they had a linear correlation with severity of birth asphyxia.
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