The folic acid (FA) and doxorubicin (DOX) have been doped into the g‐C3N4/MoS2 incorporated‐chitosan/ethyl cellulose (EC) core‐shell nanofibers for targeted delivery of FA and DOX against HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines. The g‐C3N4/MoS2 nanosheets and core‐shell nanofibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–Vis tests. The drug loading factor, the degradation rate, and the DOX and FA release behavior from core‐shell nanofibers have been investigated. The pharmacokinetic results revealed the linear release with non‐Fickian diffusion of the both anticancer drugs from nanofibers during 7 days. The DAPI staining and MTT assays of the nanofibers immersed in MCF‐7 and HeLa cell lines were studied to determine the potential of DOX and FA doped‐core‐shell nanofibrous matrix for MCF‐7 and HeLa cells death in vitro. The maximum MCF‐7 and HeLa cells death percentages were found to be 89 and 85%, respectively, using EC/chitosan/g‐C3N4/MoS2/DOX/FA core‐shell nanofibers after 7 days. The high activity of g‐C3N4/MoS2/DOX/FA loaded‐core‐shell nanofibers for studied cancer cells killing was achieved.
The delivery of chemotherapies to brain tumors faces the difficult task of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).1-4 The brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) along with other cell lines, such as astrocytes and pericytes, form the BBB. This highly selective semipermeable barrier separates the blood from the brain parenchyma. The BBB controls the movement of drug molecules in a selective manner5 and maintains central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Depending on the properties of drugs such as their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), some can cross the BBB through passive diffusion.6 However, this approach alone has not led to successful drug developments due to low net diffusion rates and systemic toxicity. Although the use of nanomedicine has been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, many recent studies still rely on the so-called ‘enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)’ effect though there is a realization in the field of drug delivery that EPR effect may not be sufficient for successful drug delivery to brain tumors. Since, compared to many other solid tumors, brain tumors pose additional challenges such as more restrictive blood-tumor barrier as well as the well-developed lymphatic drainage, the selection of functional moieties on the nanocarriers under consideration must be carried out with care to propose better solutions to this challenge.
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