In the last 15 years, a European Framework on Immigrant Integration has been devel oped through soft law tools, aiming to create a common understanding o f the concept and promoting the coordination, funding, and exchange o f best practices among states, local administrations, and nongovernmental actors. In this article, we first contextualize the emergence o f immigrant integration policies at the European Union level. We then examine the principal European Union documents on this issue, paying special attention to the link between integration and immigrant participation. Finally, based on an empir ical study, we analyze, from the perspective o f governmentality, the European Integration Forum, an apparatus considered the " last w ord " in immigrant integration policies at the European Union level.
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