RESUMOAs plantas medicinais são utilizadas desde a antiguidade e esse conhecimento tradicional é passado pelas gerações e podem orientar o estudo de moléculas bioativas, na pesquisa de princípios ativos ou na produção de medicamentos. Os metabólitos secundários são compostos químicos produzidos pelas plantas derivados do metabolismo primário da glicose e atuam na ecologia dos vegetais por meio de funções como atração de polinizadores e dispersores, defesa contra herbivoria e radiação entre outras. A fitoquímica atua no estudo dos metabólitos secundários e a prospecção fitoquímica irá detectar a presença desses e, com isso, orientar as demais etapas do estudo dos vegetais para produção de medicamentos e fitoterápicos. A prospecção pode ser realizada por testes de reações químicas ou por métodos cromatográficos. Os primeiros possuem baixo custo e são mais simples, os segundos necessitam de equipamentos dispendiosos e treinamento adequado para utilização, porém, são mais eficazes no estudo e podem ser utilizados nas demais etapas da investigação fitoquímica. Atualmente, os métodos mais utilizados são por reações químicas e investigações adicionais são realizadas juntamente com a prospecção fitoquímica. Tais estudos são importantes para a pesquisa farmacêutica, para a filogenética e principalmente na preservação dos recursos vegetais dos diferentes biomas brasileiros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Farmacognosia, metabolismo vegetal, Plantas medicinais; Química experimental. PHITOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO THE STUDY OF BIOMOLECULAS DERIVED FROM PLANTSABSTRACT Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times and that traditional knowledge is passed through generations and can guide the study of bioactive molecules in the active ingredients research or the production of medicines. Secondary metabolites are chemical compounds produced by plants derived from primary metabolism of glucose and act on the plant ecology through functions such as attracting pollinators

SUMMARY:Recently, the curriculum and the educational methodologies associated with health sciences courses are being reviewed and adapted. Pre-clinical sciences, such as anatomy and embryology are as well subjected to those changes. In human embryology courses it is common to use models to represent the different phases of development to facilitate learning, since the students can see and touch the models, obtaining knowledge by analogies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the construction of models by the students during practical embryology classes would improve or facilitate their learning. One year after the classes, 60 students answered a questionnaire with nine objective questions, including spaces for suggestions and observations. The student's responses suggested that the construction of models contributed to their learning.

O bioma Cerrado é fonte de moléculas químicas com grande potencial medicinal. As substâncias extraídas do pequi, fruto do Caryocar brasiliense, têm propriedades antiparasitárias, antioxidantes e antineoplásicas. O osteossarcoma canino é um tumor ósseo altamente agressivo e metastático, pouco responsivo às modalidades atuais de quimioterapia. Este estudo teve como objetivo mostrar os efeitos do extrato etanólico da casca de pequi (EEPP) sobre as células do osteossarcoma canino, além de sugerir uma rota metabólica que explique a ação do extrato. As células D-17 foram semeadas e expostas a EEPP nas concentrações de 0, 10 e 100 µg / mL. Após o tratamento, os núcleos celulares foram marcados com DAPI e quantificados por microscopia de fluorescência. A expressão das proteínas p53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Akt, AMPK e mTOR foi analisada por imunocitoquímica. Ao usar o DAPI, encontramos uma redução no número de núcleos quantificados, tempo e dose-dependente. A marcação de anticorpos p53, Ki-67 e Bcl-2 diminuiu nos grupos expostos a EEPP. O oposto foi observado com os anticorpos Akt, AMPK e mTOR, onde a proteína não foi encontrada no grupo controle, mas foi expressa nos grupos expostos à EEPP. Nós sugerimos uma possível rota metabólica onde EEPP promove a morte celular e o controle do ciclo celular em células D-17.

Anatomy is the science that studies the body and a basic discipline in health and biological sciences indispensable to students that study this area, and plays a important role in the comparison of species. Nowadays anatomy is falling into academic and scientific crisis. Recently, the number of papers and reviews on health science education have increased considerably. Pre-clinical disciplines are essential for all health and biological science courses; among them anatomy is considered to be the basis of morphological sciences. For that reason, throughout history, this discipline has been viewed as a factual knowledge base that must be learned in its entirety. History of anatomy demonstrated that teaching in this area is facilitated by the use of dissection of both animal and human disciplines. In absence of human cadavers, it is possible to use animals for dissection for the benefits of students. The aim of this paper is to serve as a reminder to understand that anatomy is the basis of current health science and to realize what is important in the teaching of anatomy. It is also important to learn anatomy since researchers sometimes draw wrong conclusion because of lack of anatomical knowledge.

This work carried out to evaluates the polymorhism in the silkworm of different lineages using the isoenzymes electrophoresis to detect biochemical markers and to investigate the genetics of populations for those lineages. They were used as samples individual extracts of silk glands of second day old larvas of the fifth instar, originating from seven Japanese lineages and eight pure Chinese lineages maintained by the Cocamar-Cooperativa Agroindustrial de Maringá. The isozymes acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) they were submitted to the electrophoresis in starch gels 14%. The esterases (EST) were analyzed in polyacrylamide gels to 10% and stained with α and β-naphtyl acetate. The total of 21 loci was detected, and 04 (19.05%) they are polymorphic, Est-11, Acp, Akp, Ca. The fixation index (F is ) for the analyzed isozymes it was 0.0751, indicating excess of homozygotes. The value of F st (0.6128) it shows that the lineages are well differentiated. The dendrogram obtained with the values of genetic distance didn't separate the Chinese and Japanese lineages analyzed totally. That preliminary evaluation of the lineages of B. mori shows that they present genetic material that it can be used in breeding programs that have the purpose of producing hybrid for silk production.