ABSTRACT.Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic drug. However, it provokes considerable collateral effects, including genotoxic and clastogenic activity. It has been reported that a diet rich in glutamine can help inhibit such collateral effects. We evaluated this activity in 40 Swiss Glutamine chemoprevention in vivo mice, distributed into eight experimental groups: G1 -Control group (PBS 0.1 mL/10g body weight); G2 -cisplatin group (cisplatin 6 mg/kg intraperitoneally); G3, G4, G5 -glutamine groups (glutamine at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively; orally); G6, G7, G8 -Pre-treatment groups (glutamine at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, respectively; orally and cisplatin 6 mg/kg intraperitonially). For the micronucleus assay, samples of blood were collected (before the first use of the drugs at T0, then 24 (T1) and 48 (T2) hours after the first administration). For the comet assay, blood samples were collected only at T2. The damage reduction percentages for the micronucleus assay were 90.0, 47.3, and 37.3% at T1 and 46.0, 38.6, and 34.7% at T2, for G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively. For the comet assay, the damage reduction percentages were 113.0, 117.4, and 115.0% for G6, G7, and G8, respectively. We conclude that glutamine is able to prevent genotoxic and clastogenic damages caused by cisplatin.
Helicobacter spp. is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium that has substantial clinical importance. It has been related to diseases such as gastritis and peptic ulcers, and more recently to gastric cancer in humans. Evidence suggests the potential of animals, particularly domestic ones, as the source of zoonotic infection of helicobacteria since bacteria with similar morphology to those found in animals were observed in the stomach of humans with gastritis. Thus, dogs have been identified to serve as an important host for infectious agents such as Helicobacter spp. From this perspective, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. in dogs from the Zoonosis Control Center of Campo Grande-MS. Samples of body, fundus, and gastric antrum from 96 dogs were collected to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter spp. through the rapid urease test and histological analysis. Helicobacter spp. was found in 94.7% of the dogs by rapid urease test and in 100% by histological analysis, with bacteria predominance in the stomach fundus region. Keywords: dogs; Helicobacter; urease test. ResumoA Helicobacter spp. é uma bactéria Gram negativa espiralada, de grande importância clínica, que se relaciona a patogenias como gastrite e úlceras pépticas e, mais recentemente, com o carcinoma gástrico em humanos. Evidências sugerem o potencial dos animais, principalmente os domésticos, como fonte de infecção zoonótica das helicobactérias, já que bactérias com morfologia similar às encontradas em animais foram observadas no estômago de humanos com gastrite. Nesse contexto, os cães podem ser um importante reservatório de agentes infecciosos como a Helicobacter spp. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de Helicobacter spp. em cães do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Campo Grande/MS. Para tanto, foram utilizados 96 cães dos quais foram colhidas amostras do corpo, fundo e antro gástrico, para avaliação da presença da Helicobacter spp. por meio do teste rápido de urease e análise histológica. O teste rápido de urease permitiu a detecção de Helicobacter spp. em 94,7% dos cães; já a análise histológica indicou a presença de Helicobacter spp. em 100% dos animais avaliados com predominio da bactéria na 2
Context: Bothrops moojeni Hoge (Viperidae) venom is a complex mixture of compounds with therapeutic potential that has been included in the research and development of new drugs. Along with the biological activity, the pharmaceutical applicability of this venom depends on its toxicological profile. Objective: This study evaluates the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the Bothrops moojeni venom (BMV). Material and methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a pooled sample of BMV was assessed by the MTT and Comet assay, respectively. Genotoxicity was also evaluated in vivo through the micronucleus assay. Results: BMV displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC 50 ) on Vero cells of 4.09 mg/mL. Vero cells treated with 4 mg/mL for 90 min and 6 h presented significant (p50.05, ANOVA/NewmanKeuls test) higher DNA damage than the negative control in the Comet assay. The lower DNA damage found after 6 h compared with the 90 min treatment suggests a DNA repair effect. Mice intraperitoneally treated with BMV at 10, 30, or 80 mg/animal presented significant genotoxicity (p50.05, ANOVA/Newman-Keuls test) in relation to the negative control after 24 h of treatment. Contrary to the in vitro results, no DNA repair seemed to occur in vivo up to 96 h post-venom inoculation at a dose of 30 mg/animal. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that BMV presents cyto-and genotoxicity depending on the concentration/dose used. These findings emphasize the importance of toxicological studies, including assessment of genotoxicity, in the biological activity research of BMV and/or in the development of BMV-derived products.
The phytochemical investigation and evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of Annona nutans (R. E. Fr.) R. E. Fr. were performed. Phytotoxic activity was assessed on radicle and hypocotyl of Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa , where chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions proved active. Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform fraction was allowed identification of polyketides derivatives: triacontanal, 16-hentriacontane, octacosanol and triacontanol, using the 1 H NMR technique associated with data from GC/MS. Using ethyl acetate fraction, with low activity, flavonoids 3- O -β-D-galactopyranosyl-isorhamnetin, 3- O -β-D-galactopyranosyl-quercetin and 3- O -β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-galactopyranosyl-quercetin were identified, determined by spectrometric techniques one and two-dimensional NMR, combined with mass spectral data. All substances are being reported for the first time in Annona nutans . The phytotoxic activity of chloroform fraction may be related to the presence of triacontanol and similar substances. Triacontanol stimulates growth at very low concentrations, but can have an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations, such as those reported for auxin analogs. The toxicity assay using Artemia salina (BST) was also performed, with the chloroform fraction showing a negligible lethal dose, LD 50 = 500 mg mL -1 , while the other fractions and extracts showed no activity. Thus, the presence of acetogenins was ruled out. ]]>
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