As plantas medicinais são de grande importância para a população desde a antiguidade, pois, cada vez mais vem sendo realizados estudos quem comprovem a eficácia do uso de fitoterápicos, tradição esta, passada de geração para geração. Os compostos antioxidantes, como por exemplo, os flavonóides presentes nas plantas, são capazes de inibir a ação dos radicais livres, evitando o aparecimento de inúmeras patologias. Pensando nisso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidantede folhas in natura das espécies de Cymbopogon citratus e Melissa officinalis pelo método sequestrador de radicais DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila), proposto por Brand-Williams et al., (1995) com modificações e avaliar o teor de flavonóides totais equivalentes em quecertina (Banov et al., 2006). A pesquisa foi realizada em folhas frescas para quantificar o teor real consumido pela população ao ingerir o chá caseiro. Observou-se que a M. officinalis apresentou maior porcetagem de inibição acordo com o método de captura do radical livre de DPPH (78%, 75% e 78%) comparado ao C. citratus (11%, 19% e 20%) para as concentrações de 250, 500 e 1000 μg/mL respectivamente. Para o teor de flavonoides equivalentes em quercetina M. officinalis apresentou 228μg de flavanóides equivalentes em quercetina por mg de decocto obtido por folhas frescas enquanto o C. citratus apresentou 251μg. Assim, pode-se avaliar as propriedades de M. officinalis e C. citratus ao serem utilizadas na forma popular, ou seja, em forma de chá, com folhas in natura, na forma de decocto, evidenciando a importância do consumo popular dessas plantas.
Introdução: O Hibiscus rosa-sinensis pertence à família Malvaceae, é utilizada na medicina popular para aliviar cólicas menstruais, auxiliar no parto, aliviar dor de cabeça, febre, inflamação, problemas respiratórios, infecções cutâneas, distúrbios digestivos entre outros. O Hibiscus sabdariffa também pertence à família Malvaceae, na medicina popular é utilizado como diurético, tratamento gastrointestinal, infecções hepáticas, febre e hipertensão. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade antioxidante pelo método de redução do radical livre DPPH, a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericída Mínima (CBM). Metodologia: Para a avaliação da capacidade antioxidante foi utilizado o método de sequestro de radicais livres DPPH (2,2 Difenil-1-picrilhidrazila), em espectrofotômetro. Para análise da atividade antimicrobiana, foi utilizado quatro Bactérias da Coleção de Cultura do tipo Americana, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Streptococcus agalactiae. Resultados: O H. rosa-sinensis apresentou uma CE50 = 10,33 µg /mL, enquanto o H. sabdariffa apresentou CE50= 20,38 µg /mL. O H. rosa-sinensis possui uma maior capacidade sequestradora de radicais livres. No estudo da atividade antibacteriana a espécie H. sabdariffa apresentou CBM de 1000 µg/mL frente a L. monocytogenes e superior a 2000 µg/mL frente as outras espécies de bactérias avaliadas, enquanto a espécie de H. rosa-sinensis apresentou CBM superior a 2000 µg/mL para todas as espécies avaliadas. Conclusão: O extrato metanólico de H. sabdariffa e H. rosa-sinensis apresentaram capacidade de sequestrar radicais livres,sendo superiores em algumas concentrações ao padrão BHT. Além disso as espécies avaliadas apresentam potencial ação antibacteriana especialmente frente a L. monocytogenes.
The species Rosmarinus officinalis L. is popularly known as rosemary, being widely used in traditional medicine. In the present study, the ethanol extract and fractions obtained from R. officinalis were evaluated for allelopathic and antioxidant activities and determined the content of phenolic compounds. The ethanol extract and fractions showed antioxidant activity in five concentrations tested. Regarding the EC 50 values, the ethanol extract and fractions showed better results than the BHT, reference compound. The EC 50 values obtained for the ethanol extract and fractions could not be correlated directly with the content of phenolic compounds present in the samples. For allelopathic activity, the samples showed heterogeneous effects on growth of hypocotyl and radicle of seeds of lettuce and onion observed at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg/mL). For the radicle onion (Allium cepa), the best results were obtained for the ethanol extract and fractions hexane and dichloromethane, which inhibited growth at all concentrations, and the dichloromethane fraction promoted an inhibition greater than 80.0%, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Regarding the onion hypocotyl, the effects were heterogeneous. The results for the growth of radicle and hypocotyl of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) showed that the inhibitory effect was more significant than the stimulatory, when the seeds were treated with the ethanol extract and fractions. Regarding the inhibitory effect, they emphasized the dichloromethane fraction with a 100.0% inhibition, at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. Inhibition of hypocotyl was more significant than the radicle for lettuce seeds. The ethanol extract and dichloromethane fraction had an inhibitory effect, at all concentrations tested. In the search for new antioxidants and allelochemicals of natural origin, the species Rosmarinus officinalis may be a good candidate.Keywords: antioxidant; allelophatic; phenol total; Rosmarinus officinalis.
The species Annona nutans (R. E. Fries) is a plant found in Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and the Brazilian cerrado. Considering the antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the hydrometanolic fraction (FHMeOH) of A. nutans leaves previously reported, the present study aimed to evaluate in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of a subfraction obtained from FHMeOH, the butanolic fraction (FBuOH f ). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with FBuOH f (50 and 100 mg.kg -1 ) inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan. Moreover, FBuOH f (100 mg.kg -1 , i.p.) also suppressed polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte migration in the footpad. Regarding the antinociceptive activity, FBuOH f (50, 100, and 200 mg.kg -1 , i.p.) inhibited aceticacid induced abdominal writhing. In the formalin test, this fraction (200 mg.kg -1 , i.p.) reduced licking time only in the inflammatory phase. The FBuOH f contents flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives, such as quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-galactopyranoside and chlorogenic acid, identified and quantified by LC-MS. The FBuOH f possesses anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activities.
The phytochemical investigation and evaluation of the phytotoxic effect of the extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of Annona nutans (R. E. Fr.) R. E. Fr. were performed. Phytotoxic activity was assessed on radicle and hypocotyl of Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa , where chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions proved active. Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform fraction was allowed identification of polyketides derivatives: triacontanal, 16-hentriacontane, octacosanol and triacontanol, using the 1 H NMR technique associated with data from GC/MS. Using ethyl acetate fraction, with low activity, flavonoids 3- O -β-D-galactopyranosyl-isorhamnetin, 3- O -β-D-galactopyranosyl-quercetin and 3- O -β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→2)-galactopyranosyl-quercetin were identified, determined by spectrometric techniques one and two-dimensional NMR, combined with mass spectral data. All substances are being reported for the first time in Annona nutans . The phytotoxic activity of chloroform fraction may be related to the presence of triacontanol and similar substances. Triacontanol stimulates growth at very low concentrations, but can have an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations, such as those reported for auxin analogs. The toxicity assay using Artemia salina (BST) was also performed, with the chloroform fraction showing a negligible lethal dose, LD 50 = 500 mg mL -1 , while the other fractions and extracts showed no activity. Thus, the presence of acetogenins was ruled out. ]]>
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