Background. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that is used to treat peripheral vascular disease. One of the mechanisms of action of pentoxifylline is the vasodilatation of blood vessels. Th is study examined the eff ect of increasing pentoxifylline concentrations on the contractility of isolated rat uteri in the presence of a potassium channel antagonist. Methods. Th e uteri were isolated from virgin Wistar rats (180-220 g) and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing De Jalon's solution and aerated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2. Th e temperature was maintained at 37ºC. Isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer (Ugo Basile). Th e preload of the preparation was approximately 1 g. Th e uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca 2+ (0.018 and 0.36 mM) and acetylcholine (ACh) and were treated with pentoxifylline. Results. Pentoxifylline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous rhythmic uterine activity and uterine activity caused by calcium Ca 2+ (0.018 mM and 0,36 mM). We showed that the inhibitory eff ects of pentoxifylline depend on the type of muscle contractions activated and that the inhibitory eff ect is signifi cantly stronger for spontaneous rhythmic activity and forin Ca 2-induced contractions of isolated rat uteri +. Th e relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline depends on the calcium concentration in the medium. Pentoxifylline exerted the weakest relaxant eff ects on contractions induced by acetylcholine. In contrast to methylene blue, tetraethylammonium, or 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide did not antagonise the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on isolated rat uteri.. Conclusion. Th e results obtained suggest that the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline does not lead to the opening of K ATP channels. However, the opening of BKCa and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels had some role, but to varying degrees, in the mechanism of the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on the spontaneous rhythmic activity and calcium-induced con
UVODFokalna infekcija je bolest uzrokovana širenjem mikroorganizama ili njihovih toksina iz bilo kojeg inficiranog žarišta u organizmu u udaljene organe ili sisteme. Od davnina je poznata činjenica uticaja fokalnih procesa na udaljena tkiva i organe, a često je odbacivana i prihvatana teorija uticaja izolovanih procesa na čitav organizam. Napredovanjem medicinske dijagnostike publicirane su brojne studije o povezanosti fokalnih žarišta i formiranja fokalne infekcije, kao i o uticaju fokalne infekcije na razvoj drugih oboljenja. Problem fokalnog djelovanja i pored svih nastojanja nije u potpunosti rasvijetljen (1). Najpovoljniji anatomski uslovi za stvaranje kriptogenih procesa nalaze se u orofaringealnoj regiji, gde ima i najviše mogućnosti za STRUČNI RAD Our study presents the frequency of pathological odontogenic focus in alopecia areata, with the importance of a common multidisciplinary approach to treatment which can be accomplished the greatest success in the treatment of alopecia areata. SAŽETAK
Kratak sadržajUvod. Podtip, ekspresija, distribucija i funkcija K + kanala u glatkim mišićima krvnih sudova su promjenljivi i vjerovatno zavise od očuvanosti endotela, azot monoksida (NO) i patoloških stanja kao što je hipertenzija. Ispitivali smo uticaj modulatora kalijumskih kanala i njihove interakcije sa NO na krvne sudove. Ovo ispitivanje je značajno za pronalaženje novih terapijskih koncepata u liječenju poremećaja kontraktilnosti krvnih sudova. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uloga pola, endotela i hipertenzije u relaksantnom efektu pinacidila na izolovane mezenterične i renalne arterije, uzete od normotenzivnih (NT) i spontano hipertenzivnih (HT) pacova.Metode. Eksperimenti su izvedeni na izolovanim mezenteričnim i renalnim arterijama uzetim od mužjaka i ženki NT i HT Wistar pacova. Arterije su inkubirane 30 min u kupatilu za izolovane organe sa Krebs-Ringerovim rastvorom, na 36 0 C i aerisane smješom 95% O 2 i 5% CO 2 . Kontrakcije izolovanih krvnih sudova su izazivane fenilefrinom (10 -6 mol), a na stabilan tonus je dodavan pinacidil (10 -8 -10 -4 M). Funkcionalni integritet endotela je potvrđivan acetilholinom (10 -5 mol).Rezultati. Pinacidil je koncentracijski zavisno relaksirao mezenterične arterije, bez obzira da li su arterije uzete od mužjaka ili ženki pacova. Relaksantni efekat pinacidila je bio veoma izražen na segmentima arterija sa endotelom. Značaj endotela je bio manje izražen na krvnim sudovima uzetim od HT, nego od NT životinja. Stepen relaksacije je bio veći kod mezenteričnih, nego kod renalnih arterija.Zaključak. Pinacidil (10 -8 -10 -4 mol) je prouzrokovao koncentracijski i endotel zavisnu relaksaciju izolovanih renalnih i mezenteričnih arterija pacova, uzetih od NT i HT pacova bez obzira na pol.
Respiratory failure is the predominant cause of death in
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