Supernumerary teeth may have all characteristics of normal teeth (dens supernumeratus) or, more frequently, appear as rudimentary remains of the tooth bud (dens accessories). Such teeth may cause various complications and the most frequent are orthodontic anomalies and follicular cysts. Among all supernumerary teeth, the most frequent is mesiodens. It may be of different shape, but most often is conical. Untimely diagnosed and treated mesiodens may, in older age, result in complications and compromise prosthodontic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to present a case where untimely treatment (diagnostics and extraction) of a mesiodens resulted in the formation of a follicular cyst and a partial resorption of the root of an adjacent tooth (central incisor), which had to be extracted. The patient sought a prosthodontic treatment. However, a hazelnut-size tumor was found in the upper anterior region. Clinical and X-ray examination implied the presence of a follicular cyst around a supernumerary tooth, which was situated between upper central incisors. Cystical sac was removed in a usual manner along with the extraction of the impacted mesiodens. Unfortunately, the upper central left incisor had to be extracted as well due to a progressed root resorption
Background. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that is used to treat peripheral vascular disease. One of the mechanisms of action of pentoxifylline is the vasodilatation of blood vessels. Th is study examined the eff ect of increasing pentoxifylline concentrations on the contractility of isolated rat uteri in the presence of a potassium channel antagonist. Methods. Th e uteri were isolated from virgin Wistar rats (180-220 g) and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing De Jalon's solution and aerated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2. Th e temperature was maintained at 37ºC. Isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer (Ugo Basile). Th e preload of the preparation was approximately 1 g. Th e uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca 2+ (0.018 and 0.36 mM) and acetylcholine (ACh) and were treated with pentoxifylline. Results. Pentoxifylline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous rhythmic uterine activity and uterine activity caused by calcium Ca 2+ (0.018 mM and 0,36 mM). We showed that the inhibitory eff ects of pentoxifylline depend on the type of muscle contractions activated and that the inhibitory eff ect is signifi cantly stronger for spontaneous rhythmic activity and forin Ca 2-induced contractions of isolated rat uteri +. Th e relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline depends on the calcium concentration in the medium. Pentoxifylline exerted the weakest relaxant eff ects on contractions induced by acetylcholine. In contrast to methylene blue, tetraethylammonium, or 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide did not antagonise the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on isolated rat uteri.. Conclusion. Th e results obtained suggest that the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline does not lead to the opening of K ATP channels. However, the opening of BKCa and voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels had some role, but to varying degrees, in the mechanism of the relaxing eff ect of pentoxifylline on the spontaneous rhythmic activity and calcium-induced con
Kratak sadržajUvod. Podtip, ekspresija, distribucija i funkcija K + kanala u glatkim mišićima krvnih sudova su promjenljivi i vjerovatno zavise od očuvanosti endotela, azot monoksida (NO) i patoloških stanja kao što je hipertenzija. Ispitivali smo uticaj modulatora kalijumskih kanala i njihove interakcije sa NO na krvne sudove. Ovo ispitivanje je značajno za pronalaženje novih terapijskih koncepata u liječenju poremećaja kontraktilnosti krvnih sudova. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uloga pola, endotela i hipertenzije u relaksantnom efektu pinacidila na izolovane mezenterične i renalne arterije, uzete od normotenzivnih (NT) i spontano hipertenzivnih (HT) pacova.Metode. Eksperimenti su izvedeni na izolovanim mezenteričnim i renalnim arterijama uzetim od mužjaka i ženki NT i HT Wistar pacova. Arterije su inkubirane 30 min u kupatilu za izolovane organe sa Krebs-Ringerovim rastvorom, na 36 0 C i aerisane smješom 95% O 2 i 5% CO 2 . Kontrakcije izolovanih krvnih sudova su izazivane fenilefrinom (10 -6 mol), a na stabilan tonus je dodavan pinacidil (10 -8 -10 -4 M). Funkcionalni integritet endotela je potvrđivan acetilholinom (10 -5 mol).Rezultati. Pinacidil je koncentracijski zavisno relaksirao mezenterične arterije, bez obzira da li su arterije uzete od mužjaka ili ženki pacova. Relaksantni efekat pinacidila je bio veoma izražen na segmentima arterija sa endotelom. Značaj endotela je bio manje izražen na krvnim sudovima uzetim od HT, nego od NT životinja. Stepen relaksacije je bio veći kod mezenteričnih, nego kod renalnih arterija.Zaključak. Pinacidil (10 -8 -10 -4 mol) je prouzrokovao koncentracijski i endotel zavisnu relaksaciju izolovanih renalnih i mezenteričnih arterija pacova, uzetih od NT i HT pacova bez obzira na pol.
Introduction. Urea is the final product of protein degradation secreted in saliva. It has low molecular weight and neutral molecule that can freely diffuse through bacterial wall, mature plaque and extracellular polysaccharides exerting a buffering effect. In the presence of urease, urea is broken down into one molecule of ammonia and two molecules of weak carbonic acid, causing alkalization of the substrate and pH increase. Hydrolysis of urea begins at pH 4-6. In mature plaque with low pH, urea hydrolysis is a compensatory mechanism that opposes pH decrease trying to keep an optimal acidbase balance. This mechanism explains the role of urea in controlling plaque, caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urea on the quality and speed of epithelialisation of thermally wounded gingiva in rats. Material and Methods. The study included 36 Wistar albino rats, 3-4 months old, divided in three groups (12 in each group). According to the protocol thermal wounding of gingiva was performed in all animals. Wounded gingival epithelial tissue was treated with: 10% urea solution (experimental group), 3% hydrogen peroxide and saline (control groups). The extent and quality of epithelialisation was verified histologically after 3, 5, 8, 11 and 14 days. Results. There was a strong cellular infiltration and stromal edema with no significant morphological differences between groups in the samples analyzed after 3 days. The acceleration of epithelialisation in the experimental group observed in samples obtained after 5 days was evidenced by rapid mitotic division of epithelium and initial covering of defects in both directions. In samples obtained after 8 days, in the experimental group, epithelial defect was covered and in some areas cells were differentiated in vertical direction. After 11 days horizontal coverage of defects as well as accelerated cell differentiation in the vertical direction were noted. Restitutio ad integrum in the experimental group and significant delay in wound healing in the control groups was demonstrated in 14-day samples. Conclusion. Complete epithelialisation of gingiva occurred significantly faster in the group treated with 10% urea solution, than in the control groups treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and saline
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