Social entrepreneurship, which under certain conditions can contribute to solving the problems of employment of people with disabilities, is becoming a noticeable direction of social policy in modern Russia. The article analyzed the legislative changes aimed at implementing the new state policy towards people with disabilities, reviewed the scientific foreign and domestic literature on the use of social entrepreneurship practices by people with disabilities. The conclusion is made about the role of institutional and socio-cultural factors in the development of social entrepreneurship, which is one of the mechanisms for the implementation of social support for people with disabilities and citizens in need of social protection. The main forms of discrimination of these categories of citizens in employment and work have been identified, the legal basis for quoting places for people with disabilities has been described, problems, arising in the organization and implementation of activities in social enterprises have been described. Examples of social entrepreneurs and non-profit organizations programs,that improve the living conditions of people with disabilities, allowing creating financially sustainable business models, are given. The study interpreted data collected by the method of analyzing documents (statistical data characterizing the situation of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation, reports of state institutions, reports of the Committee on Labor and Employment of the Volgograd Region) and the method of non-formalized interview of heads of organizations of the Volgograd Region dealing with social protection of citizens employment strategies for people with disabilities (n = 32). An empirical study led to the conclusion that the measures planned by state structures to improve the situation of socially vulnerable people, including people with disabilities, are carried out without coordination with non-profit organizations that provide them with assistance.
The article examines the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones by students. Two areas of manifestation of social practices were the focus of the authors' research: the daily life of students and the learning process. The article provides an overview of the works of foreign and domestic authors who have made a significant contribution to the study of the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones in everyday life. The methodological basis of the article is the theory of media as a continuation of M. McLuhan's man, which is supplemented by the constructivist theories of I. Hoffman, P. Berger, T. Lukman, which made it possible to trace the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones. Social practices are daily actions and routine actions that do not require explanation, performed in a familiar way in everyday life. The research method was the focus group (N=32), the informants were students of Volgograd State University; the time of the study: December 2021 – March 2022. The study allowed us to conclude: the first mobile phones performed the function of movement control, were used as toys, initiating individual and group gaming practices. The presence/ absence of a modern game or a phone model made it possible to use power resources, move through the steps of the social hierarchy in the school team. Currently, students use mobile phones for oral communication, but visual and written communication practices are no less popular. The usual social practice using a smartphone is listening to music, communicating on social networks and messengers, sending messages, watching videos. Modern mobile phone applications allow you to turn it into a professional earning tool, facilitate everyday life, accompany the learning process. A modern mobile phone has become a "part of a person", to forget it is to lose touch with the world. The presence of a smartphone is perceived as a necessity for everyday life, leisure, work and education. A special style of communication has developed among students, unthinkable without the use of modern telecommunication means, namely a smartphone.
Investigation of development and implementation of social innovations in regions of Russia is an important scientific problem. A socio-economic and political situation, traditional forms of government affect the forms of business communication and their efficiency. The subjects that determine the information and communication space of innovators are business, educational institutions and the state (Triple Helix theory). We also proceed from the fact that socio-economic development of the territory (case study of Volgograd region) depends on business, government and non-profit (third) sector as the main subjects of activity. We explore the communication as a resource for the formation of innovative activity; economic, political and cultural factors of this process are also researched. The research was carried out with the support of the RFBR (The Russian Foundation for Basic Research) and the Volgograd region administration (project № 17-13-34010). Young researchers, young entrepreneurs and experts were surveyed using qualitative methods. The results of the study allowed us to gain answers to the following questions: a) what communications are required for the formation of social capital; b) how to develop and implement innovations through communication. The study has showed that the problem with communication is systemic and affects all actors.
One of the effective mechanisms of internal affairs bodies' managing is said to be public control on the police activity. An analysis of the police activity which, in its turn, is characterized by mistrust and low satisfaction with activity of law enforcement officials proves the necessity to find effective ways to improve such situation. The authors of the given article consider that there are enough mechanisms to manage in the internal affairs bodies but not all of them are effectively applied. It is public control that is of great importance as it allows citizens to analyze, evaluate the activity of police officers as well asto identify issues require to be solved at once both by the public and the heads of the internal affairs bodies. The study of the legal basis allows the researcher to consider that at present there are all the formal conditions to perform public control. However, this is not enough. In fact there isanothersituation. On the one hand, we can see formal approach of the heads of the territorial internal affairs bodies to perform public control as a mechanism toimprove the police activity; on the other hand, there is low self-organization of the population expressed in poor legal literacy and social activity as well as underdeveloped forms of civil participation in public life. Based on the results of the regional sociological studies the authors of the article conclude that it is necessary to intensify cooperation with the public on informing about the possibilities to perform public control on the police as well as developing a system of indicators to evaluate the activity of public councils and publicmonitoring committee that perform public control to increase the efficiency of their activities, about necessity to provide responsibility of the heads of the territorial internal affairs bodies for ignoring sociological information to have been received. The article deals with not only a critical assessment of the police's interacting with the population, but also new approaches related to usage of public control as an effective mechanism to manageby the internal affairs bodies, which helps increasing citizens' trust in police officers.
The article examines information resources and legal support in social work, taking into account changes in the parameters of interaction between social services and recipients of social services. Digitalization in the field of social services is causing changes in the forms of interaction between subjects and between subjects and information. In this regard, the issues of the regulatory framework are being rethought again. With the advent of a new methodology for achieving the parameters of the “knowledge society”, the effectiveness of social services for the population is increasing. At the same time, there is a risk of potential threats to human rights, information security, and the preservation of the model of humanism as the basis for constructing practices in the social sphere. Timely legal decisions and civic engagement will help not only to provide an adequate response to new challenges, but will also contribute to the deep modernization of the social sphere.
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