The article discusses the peculiarities of non-profit sector institutionalization in modern Russian society. Legislative regulations governing the activities of non-profit organizations as well as changes in the concept / strategy of state social policy have a decisive influence. Innovations in the legislation are connected with the legislative regulation of the organizational and legal form of socially-oriented non-profit organization. Guarantees of state support in the form of subsidies are provided for such organizations. As a result, new institutional conditions for the development of the non-profit sector are created. The article reveals the tendencies of development of non-profit sector: there is a significant increase in the n umber of organizations of social orientation while the share of organizations of social orientation decreases and the share of organizations aimed at solving the problems of local community (territorial self-government organizations) increases; there are institutional limitations related to the lack of procedures for certification and licensing of socially oriented organizations; the main mechanisms for the distribution of social transfers are the mechanisms of competitive selection and social financing; while the strategic directions of financing (state support) of social projects of NGOs are only beginning to be determined on the basis of public conventions. The article discusses the key institutional changes in the social sphere in the period from 2004 to 2017 affecting NGOs: autonomy of social institutions; formation of social standards, administrative regulations of services; inclusion of NGOs in the provision of social services and others. The need to attract non-governmental sources of financing creates new prospects for the development of the social market of social services through the development of social entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship is considered from the standpoint of the theories of the public good and the economy of the public sector as well as the theory of rational management. New aspects in the understanding of social entrepreneurship are connected with the distinction between the economic and entrepreneurial aspects of the organizations activities; the idea of determining the impact of targeted strategies and project forms of activity; the identification of signs of the organization of entrepreneurial type. Key words: social entrepreneurship, technology of social entrepreneurship, methodology of social entrepreneurship, economy of the non-profit sector, organizational and legal form of a non-profit organization, a socially-oriented non-profit organization, social policy in the Russian Federation.
The theoretical part of the article includes a review of modern concepts studying the problem of social activity of elderly people, in which the period of the "third age" is defined as a stage of self-actualization, allowing self-development, improve health (the concept of the "third age"); emphasizes the relationship between activity, health, independence and aging (the concept of "active longevity"); focuses on the management of a lifestyle consisting of active involvement in public life, low susceptibility to disease and the preservation of mental and physical abilities (the concept of "successful aging"); postulates continuous development in old age through gerotranscendence as a new worldview peculiar to older people (the concept of "positive aging"); explores the potential of older people through measurable actions of economic value (the concept of "productive aging"). The empirical part of the article is based on the data of a formal survey of Volgograd residents (N = 655 people) conducted in the spring of 2018. The spheres of social activity of citizens of the "third age" are analyzed: participation in the work of non-profit organizations, in charitable, political and socially useful activities. Institutional social activity was measured through the attitude of the "third-age" citizens to socially oriented non-profit organizations. The greatest awareness is revealed about charitable organizations, the least -about professional and creative unions and associations. Social activity of the 50-59 year old and citizens older than 60 years differs markedly: twice as many of those who previously participated in the work of non-profit organizations, among citizens older than 60 years. Gender differences are revealed in the channels of informing about the activities of non-profit organizations, gender differences in the participation of citizens of the "third age" in volunteer and charitable activities are not clearly expressed. The most popular type of charity is the transfer of things to an organization engaged in charity. The organization of the charity project is not so common, it is more typical for women aged 50 years and older. It is concluded that age is the dominant variable and more often than sex determines the difference in the motives and behaviors of people of the "third age".
The article examines the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones by students. Two areas of manifestation of social practices were the focus of the authors' research: the daily life of students and the learning process. The article provides an overview of the works of foreign and domestic authors who have made a significant contribution to the study of the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones in everyday life. The methodological basis of the article is the theory of media as a continuation of M. McLuhan's man, which is supplemented by the constructivist theories of I. Hoffman, P. Berger, T. Lukman, which made it possible to trace the transformation of social practices of using mobile phones. Social practices are daily actions and routine actions that do not require explanation, performed in a familiar way in everyday life. The research method was the focus group (N=32), the informants were students of Volgograd State University; the time of the study: December 2021 – March 2022. The study allowed us to conclude: the first mobile phones performed the function of movement control, were used as toys, initiating individual and group gaming practices. The presence/ absence of a modern game or a phone model made it possible to use power resources, move through the steps of the social hierarchy in the school team. Currently, students use mobile phones for oral communication, but visual and written communication practices are no less popular. The usual social practice using a smartphone is listening to music, communicating on social networks and messengers, sending messages, watching videos. Modern mobile phone applications allow you to turn it into a professional earning tool, facilitate everyday life, accompany the learning process. A modern mobile phone has become a "part of a person", to forget it is to lose touch with the world. The presence of a smartphone is perceived as a necessity for everyday life, leisure, work and education. A special style of communication has developed among students, unthinkable without the use of modern telecommunication means, namely a smartphone.
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