The article presents a study on risks in oil and gas industry and reveals their causes investigating enterprises activity as a result of emergent properties of systems. The original algorithm of risk assessment process based on emergent properties study is offered. A taxonomy approach and factor analysis are used for purposes of risk evaluation. The risk assessment consists of risks taxonomy, database structure development, identification of risks through impact factors evaluation; economic system emergent properties risks prediction, an integral risk level indicator calculation using taxonomy approach, correlation analysis of integral indicators of risk assessment, preventive measures for minimizing of negative impacts and reducing risks.
Preservation and restoration of the natural environment and ensuring environmentally safe functioning of ecosystems are the priority conditions for implementation of the dominant social paradigm, which is development in harmony with nature. The article describes the essence of management system of ecological safety of territorial units as a set of actions and processes aimed at planning and constructing optimum options of spatial-temporal structuralfunctional organisation of ecosystems, restoration and increase of their ecological potential and stability, prevention of occurrence and development of ecological risks. Structure blocks of the system are environmental audit, environmental design (planning), environmental monitoring, databases and data banks with the use of GIS technologies. Implementation of the ecosystem services concept has an important role in the management system of ecological safety of territorial units. It is based on the need of co-evolution development of ecological and economic components. Monetary evaluation of the ecosystem services, development and introduction of payment mechanisms for these services will allow implementing programs (measures) for ensuring environmentally safe functioning of ecosystems within the territorial units.
The implementation of ideas requires finding sources of funding. The essence of the concept of «fundraising» is elaborated in the article. Fundraising is not widespread in Ukraine and is associated with charity, philanthropy and social projects. However, it is important to understand that fundraising is also attracting resources for commercial projects, finding a financial sponsor, a barter sponsor, an investor. The basic principles of activity on attraction of resources for realization of projects are defined and described. Risks and obstacles, chances and opportunities for sources of funding for the Ukrainian realities in the conditions of war, both for the Ukrainian army, humanitarian aid, and for business projects are considered. The activity of fundraisers of the Ukrainian war is analyzed. Among them are foundations, public organizations and private initiatives that have attracted money from a wide range of people and companies for the needs of the Armed Forces or Ukrainians affected by the war. Startups in Ukraine need financial support. Emphasis is placed on an updated government program with a zero credit rate for a wide range of entrepreneurs. The tasks of fundraising in Ukraine under martial law are given: search and increase of potential international grant programs; substantiation of modern needs of business projects in accordance with the interests of potential donors; intensification and constant communication with investors or donors on maintaining and developing opportunities to obtain resources for the implementation of commercial projects in wartime. It is concluded that fundraising is a process of finding resources that is aimed at achieving a common goal or solving a problem in a more global context. Today, there is no single way to get the funds to implement project ideas. The most dominant goal of fundraising is to attract new donors and feedback from those who were involved in the process. The causal link in fundraising for business development from donor sources is more appropriate to obtain stable and systematic small financial income than large, but rare. Fundraising is a complex, long-term and phased activity that in the long run can lead to productive and extended cooperation with foundations, research organizations or community initiatives.
Modern views on conducting business have changed significantly with the advent and rapid development of digital technologies. These trends have intensified under the influence of challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. understanding of the advantages and possibilities of digitalization. However, it should be understood that each process has its own disadvantages and threats. Need to understand the advantages and possibilities of digitization. Each process has its own drawbacks and threats. Digitization of entrepreneurship is the process of introducing and using new digital tools, information resources and mobile technologies in business activities, which provide a transition to a new way of thinking and reformatting of business processes. Society has taken the first steps towards a fundamentally new reality. Business entities should adapt to new ways of doing business and develop, that is why the purpose of writing the article is to consider the advantages and opportunities of digitalization for entrepreneurship and to understand the shortcomings and threats of this process. The trends of digitalization of entrepreneurship are focused on the creation and application of new services, which is included in the concept of Industry 4.0. provide full vertical and horizontal digital integration of entrepreneurship, transition to new business models and creation of "smart" products and services. The process of digitalization of entrepreneurship has become the basis for the creation of new products and services with new values and features, and therefore a source of competitive advantages. New trends and opportunities create new challenges. Digitalization, like any change, has two sides to the coin. The main risk of the digital transformation of the economy is a possible increase in the level of unemployment, cyber attacks, wealth distribution risk, introducing total control, possibility of losing social skills. There are other risks of digitalization: the benefits of innovation brought by the fourth industrial revolution and the speed of growth of the negative phenomena associated with it are difficult to predict and fully understand. Humanity thinks linearly, while change happens exponentially. The real consequences may turn out to be more unpredictable and shocking. Those who consciously approach this and plan the necessary changes will win.
The economic structure of the Ivano-Frankivsk region was analyzed by types of economic activity for 5 years. The largest share is occupied by such activities as: processing industry, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, mining and quarrying, supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning, construction, wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Other activities take from 1–5%, which is a small share and require appropriate measures for further development. Analysis of structural shifts in output by types of economic activity, which showed that the components with the “+” sign show an increase in the change in the share of the structural part, in particular, these are such types of management as: mining and processing industry, water supply; sewerage, waste management, real estate operations, public administration and defense; compulsory social insurance, information and telecommunications and others. The same components, with the “-” sign, respectively, show a decrease in the change in the share of one or another type of economic activity in the overall structure, in particular: agriculture, forestry and fisheries, construction, wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning, transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities, health care and social assistance. To assess the intensity of structural shifts in the whole population, the linear and quadratic coefficients of absolute structural shifts were calculated. Which showed that there were changes in the structural relation of the share of output by types of economic activity of the region, in particular, in construction and processing industry. The use of statistical methods made it possible to investigate the state of the priority activities of the economy of the Ivano-Frankivsk region, the structure and identify trends in further development. However, the strategic task of the region is the effective use of the existing potential (resource, production, labor, material and technical, financial) to improve its socio-economic situation.
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