Considerando que o número de reprovações em disciplinas cursadas pode acarretar em evasão no Ensino Superior, este trabalho objetivou elencar as disciplinas que apresentam piores índices de desempenho estudantil no campus Bagé da instituição multicampi Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), bem como as causas apontadas tanto pelos discentes quanto pelos docentes em relação a esse tópico. Para tal, foram analisados dados extraídos do sistema de gestão acadêmica, compreendidos por um período de sete anos, para o levantamento longitudinal das disciplinas com maiores índices de reprovação no campus em questão. Em uma segunda etapa, foram aplicados questionários respondidos anonimamente pelos discentes e docentes, a fim de identificar suas percepções sobre o assunto. A maioria das disciplinas com índices mais altos de reprovação pertence à área das Ciências Exatas e são ofertadas ao longo dos primeiros semestres dos cursos de graduação. Concluiu-se que a melhoria do desempenho estudantil pode ser conduzida através da implementação de algumas ações conjuntas e interdependentes, ou seja, pela esfera institucional, no campo da docência e, também, no âmbito da ampliação do engajamento discente.
The food industry is responsible for the generation of large amounts of organic residues, which can lead to negative environmental and economic impacts when incorrectly disposed of. The jaboticaba peel is an example of organic waste, widely used in industry due to its organoleptic characteristcs. In this study, residues collected during the extraction of bioactive compounds from jaboticaba bark (JB) were chemically activated with H3PO4 and NaOH and used to develop a low-cost adsorbent material for the removal of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). For all adsorbents, the batch tests were carried out with the adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g L−1 and neutral pH, previously determined by 22 factorial design. In the kinetics tests, JB and JB-NaOH presented a fast adsorption rate, reaching equilibrium in 30 min. For JB-H3PO4, the equilibrium was reached in 60 min. JB equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model and JB-NaOH and JB-H3PO4 data by the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacities from JB, JB-NaOH, and JB-H3PO4 were 305.81 mg g−1, 241.10 mg g−1, and 122.72 mg g−1, respectively. The results indicate that chemical activations promoted an increase in the volume of large pores but interacted with functional groups responsible for MB adsorption. Therefore, JB has the highest adsorption capacity, thus presenting as a low-cost and sustainable alternative to add value to the product, and it also contributes to water decontamination studies, resulting in a zero-waste approach.
<p class="Normal1"><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 944.338px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.681802);">The dropout and retention in Higher Education have delivered alarming rates and have been the object of </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 966.173px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.730331);">debates at national and global levels. Such discussions aim at identifying their causes and solutions to lower </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 988.008px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.669672);">the occurrence of such phenomena. In this paper, the focus lies on describing and identifying the impact of </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 1009.84px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.692563);">pre-curricular and curricular strategies adopted by the undergraduate program in Chemical Engineering at </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 1031.68px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.726066);">Universidade Federal do Pampa to minimize this scenario. As pre-curricular strategies, different weights were </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 1053.51px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.727544);">set at each area of knowledge in ENEM/SiSU, a university entrance examination held in Brazil. As a curricular </span><span style="left: 118.11px; top: 1075.35px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.714579);">strategy, on the other hand, a flexibility measure was adopted, replacing the requirements of prerequisites per </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1097.18px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.712682);">course with prerequisites per study load completed, keeping the previous conditions only as the recommended </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1119.02px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.695308);">ones. After this implementation, the pre-curricular strategy – weight changes in ENEM/SiSU – pointed out </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1140.85px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.736841);">an increase in the scoring average as well as a decrease in the number of failures obtained by the entrance </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1162.69px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.72931);">of students in the first semester. The curricular strategy, however, resulted in a considerable pass rate, even </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1184.52px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.728468);">though these students did not have any of the recommended prerequisites, which made the course progress </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1206.36px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.669176);">easier. Besides, there was a rise in the number of graduates per class, indicating an immediate drop in the </span><span style="left: 118.109px; top: 1228.19px; font-size: 18.6162px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.713988);">retention as an outcome of the strategies used.</span></p>
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