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The sugar content of Golden Delicious apples is predicted using near infrared (NIR) spectrometry. The study focuses on the metrological characteristics of the sugar content measurement and external parameters involved in the lack of robustness of the NIR-based model. The external parameters were fruit temperature, spectrometer temperature and ambient light. The first two factors influenced the prediction accuracy: (i) a fruit temperature variation altered the prediction, the relationship seems to be described by a non-linear model within the considered temperature range, (ii) a variation of the spectrometer temperature also altered the prediction, the relationship is described by a linear function for a temperature between 4 and 30°C. Ambient light did not show to have any influence on the NIR-based model. The analysis of the metrological parameters showed a satisfactory repeatibility in sugar prediction with a low error, 0.073°Brix. The model reproducibility was good regarding bias-corrected standard error of prediction ( SEPc) without significant differences between experiments, on the other hand a bias remained even if the previous parameters were maintained constant. These results will be taken into account in future measurements, in order to improve the robustness of the NIR-based model developed for apples.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) heighten the risk for adult obesity and cardiometabolic disease, but physiological factors underlying this connection are not well understood. We determined if ACEs were associated with physiological stress response and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity. Participants were 90 adolescents 12.0–17.5 years (50% female, 30% Hispanic/Latinx), at risk for adult obesity by virtue of above‐average body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ≥ 70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). ACEs were determined as presence (vs. absence) based upon the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Aged Children. Physiological stress response was measured as heart rate/blood pressure response to the Trier Social Stress Test. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was determined from fasting glucose/insulin. Sixty‐one percent of adolescents reported positive ACE history. The presence of ACEs predicted greater heart rate (p < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .02) response to stress, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, and BMI standard score. Systolic blood pressure and insulin resistance did not differ by ACE history (p‐values > .08). Findings suggest heightened sympathetic stress response in adolescence could be explanatory in how ACEs increase the risk for later cardiometabolic disease. Future studies should characterize ACEs in relationship to day‐to‐day variations in adolescents’ stress physiology and glucose homeostasis.