Associations of adverse childhood experiences with stress physiology and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity

Jiménez, Virginia Ortiz Repiso; Sánchez, Natalia Hernández; Clark, Emma; Miller, Reagan L.; Casamassima, Milena; Verros, Megan; Conte, Isabella; Ruiz-Jaquez, Metztli J.; Gulley, Lauren D.; Johnson, Sarah A.; Melby, Christopher L.; Lucas‐Thompson, Rachel G.; Shomaker, Lauren B.

doi:10.1002/dev.22127

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The model did not significantly differ by maternal race/ethnicity, suggesting that relations between cumulative risk, sleep duration, and BMI in childhood are similar across racial/ethnic groups. This is consistent with other work indicating that race/ethnicity did not moderate associations between adverse childhood experiences and insulin resistance among adolescents [ 69 ]. As examined pathways did not differ by racial/ethnic group in the current sample, differential exposure to stressors and adversity may have driven group-level differences in weight status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood

Phu

Doom

2022

BMC Pediatr

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Background Although associations between cumulative risk, sleep, and overweight/obesity have been demonstrated, few studies have examined relationships between these constructs longitudinally across childhood. This study investigated how cumulative risk and sleep duration are related to current and later child overweight/obesity in families across the United States sampled for high sociodemographic risk. Methods We conducted secondary analyses on 3690 families with recorded child height and weight within the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study. A cumulative risk composite (using nine variables indicating household/environmental, family, and sociodemographic risk) was calculated for each participant from ages 3-9 years. Path analyses were used to investigate associations between cumulative risk, parent-reported child sleep duration, and z-scored child body mass index (BMI) percentile at ages 3 through 9. Results Higher cumulative risk experienced at age 5 was associated with shorter sleep duration at year 9, b = − 0.35, p = .01, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.11]. At 5 years, longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI, b = − 0.03, p = .03, 95% CI [− 0.06, − 0.01]. Higher cumulative risk at 9 years, b = − 0.34, p = .02, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.10], was concurrently associated with shorter sleep duration. Findings additionally differed by child sex, such that only male children showed an association between sleep duration and BMI. Conclusions Results partially supported hypothesized associations between child sleep duration, cumulative risk, and BMI emerging across childhood within a large, primarily low socioeconomic status sample. Findings suggest that reducing cumulative risk for families experiencing low income may support longer child sleep duration. Additionally, child sleep duration and BMI are concurrently related in early childhood for male children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood

Phu

Doom

2022

BMC Pediatr

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“…Stress-induced inflammation may cause the development of insulin resistance [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Stress activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, renin–angiotensin system pathway, and sympathoadrenal system, all of which are involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the negative downregulation of insulin signaling by either phosphorylating insulin resistance serine residues or inhibiting Akt, resulting in insulin resistance.…”

Section: Ca Vs Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review

et al. 2021

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, and central obesity are the risk factors that could lead to full-blown diabetes, heart disease, and many others. With increasing sedentary lifestyles, coupled with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of people affected with MetS will be expected to grow in the coming years. While keeping these factors checked with the polypharmacy available currently, there is no single strategy that can halt or minimize the effect of MetS to patients. This opens the door for a more natural way of controlling the disease. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phytonutrient belonging to the flavonoids that can be found in abundance in plants, fruits, and vegetables. CA possesses a wide range of beneficial properties from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antianxiolytic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review discusses the current discovery of the effect of CA against MetS.

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“…The lack of findings relating to child BMI percentiles was surprising to the authors, as previous studies have often noted associations between stress and health problems and obesity [ 2 , 19 , 22 , 78 ]. One potential reason that obesity was not related to the other variables in this sample could have been due to the high rate of obesity in this particular sample, with approximately 40.3% of the children meeting the criteria for being considered obese for their age, gender, height, and weight levels, and another 20.2% being classified as overweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Stress has been linked to obesity through stress-induced disrupted brain function, hormone production, a lack of exercise [ 20 ], and sleep deprivation [ 21 ]. Poor self-regulation and cumulative risks in childhood are correlated with obesity later in life [ 8 ], adding to research that links adverse childhood experiences with exacerbated stress responses [ 22 ], showing that childhood could be a critical period for developing habits that could alleviate later risks for stress and obesity. Obesity can lead to other health problems, including hypertension, diabetes, breathing problems, and heart disease [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Health Outcomes in Midwestern Latinx Youth: The Moderating Role of Ethnic Pride

Jones

Grendell

Bezzant

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Stress has been linked to numerous health outcomes, including internalizing and externalizing behaviors, self-esteem, and physical health. Culture has also been linked to stress and health. This study examined the links between stress and health, and the potential moderating role of Latinx ethnic pride (LEP). Methods: The sample consisted of 119 Latinx youth from the Midwestern U.S. Mothers and youth completed surveys. Variables included the Multicultural Events Scale for Adolescents (MESA), parent and home stressors/risks (PHSR), LEP, depressive symptoms, aggression, frustration, and self-esteem. Research assistants measured child heights and weights and calculated BMI percentiles. Results: LEP was negatively related to MESA, depressive symptoms, aggression, and frustration, and positively related to self-esteem. MESA and PHSR were associated with depressive symptoms, aggression, frustration, and self-esteem, but not with BMI percentile. In adjusted regression analyses, LEP moderated the effects MESA had on frustration and self-esteem, marginally moderated the link between MESA and depressive symptoms, and was not related to aggression or BMI percentile. LEP did not moderate the relationship between PHSR with any health outcomes. Conclusions: Stressors were generally related to child mental health. LEP may play an important role in protecting against some of the effects of stressful events on mental health outcomes.

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Associations of adverse childhood experiences with stress physiology and insulin resistance in adolescents at risk for adult obesity

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood

Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood

Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review

Stress and Health Outcomes in Midwestern Latinx Youth: The Moderating Role of Ethnic Pride

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