The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications and lasted 56 days. Five isoproteic (39% crude protein) and isoenergetic (4300 kcal of gross energy kg−1) diets were formulated where SMFL was included in replacement of fish meal. Two hundred forty South American catfish juveniles (3.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed in 20 tanks (70 L) connected in a recirculation aquaculture system. At the end of the experiment, the inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The amount of total lactic and heterotrophic bacteria, the enzymatic activity and the intestinal morphometry did not differ between dietary treatments. The results demonstrate that fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
The administration of yeast-derived immunostimulants leads to improvement of the immune system and growth performance preventing the antibiotics misuses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Actigen Ò [0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 % of Actigen (ACT)], on the immunological and physiological responses and growth performance of tilapia after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation. The experiment was conducted in two trials. In the first trial, the ACT was offered for 30 and 60 days; in the second trial, the ACT was offered for 60 days, and then fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with LPS and sampled at 5 and 12 days after inoculation. After the first trial, immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology and the growth performance were assessed, whereas in the second trial, immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. Supplementation of diets with ACT showed a significant effect mainly after 60 days of feeding, with increased lysozyme, globulin, HTC, MCV, erythroblasts, leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. A general decrease in cells and globulin occurred at 5 days after the LPS challenge, with partial recovery at 12 days after the challenge. In addition, the study demonstrated that the use of ACT, an extract derived from yeast cell walls and containing
Sardinella sp. protein hydrolyzate in the feed of Rhandia quelen 957 Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 44(5): 957-966, 2016 "Pathways for sustainable industrial fisheries in southeastern and southern Brazil" P.M. Arana, P.R. Pezzuto, A.O. Ávila-da-Silva, D. Queirolo, J.A.A. Perez & C.A. Arfelli (eds.). Research ArticleEffect of diets containing different types of sardine waste (Sardinella sp.) protein hydrolysate on the performance and intestinal morphometry of silver catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen) ABSTRACT. In this study two fractions of muscle hydrolysate were tested, soluble and insoluble (FSM and FIM), they were assessed individually and combined with each other (FSM+FIM). Also, two fractions of hydrolyzed viscera: soluble of natural and industrialized viscera (FSVN and FSVI) were tested on the performance and on the intestinal morphology of juvenile catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. Juveniles were kept in aquariums with density of eight fish per tank and were cultured for 56 days. The results were analyzed using parametric variance analysis (ANOVA) and subjected to the Duncan test (5% significance level). The best results on final weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate, and protein efficiency ratio were obtained with the diet containing FSM+FIM, and the diet containing the FSVI. The latter was also the most consumed by the animals. The diet containing FIM was the one that provided the worst consumption results. The worst feed conversion rate was obtained for the diet containing FSM. Survival and body composition did not differ between treatments. The separation of the soluble and insoluble fractions is not necessary or even recommended when the goal is to use the muscle hydrolysate as the ingredient in feed for silver catfish juveniles. The best performance results obtained were with the combination of soluble and insoluble fractions of muscle hydrolysate, and with the industrial viscera soluble hydrolysate. The degree of hydrolysis has a direct effect on feed consumption. Keywords: Rhamdia quelen, enzymatic hydrolysis, fish waste, animal feed, aquaculture. . El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio con cinco tratamientos y cinco réplicas. Los juveniles se mantuvieron en acuarios con una densidad de ocho peces por estanque y se cultivaron durante 56 días. Los resultados se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza paramétrico (ANOVA) y se sometieron a la prueba de Duncan (nivel de significación 5%). Los mejores resultados de peso final, ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia, y la tasa de eficiencia proteica, se obtuvieron con la dieta que contenía FSM+FIM, y la dieta que contenía el FSVI. Esta última fue también la más consumida por los animales. La dieta que contiene el FIM fue la que proporcionó los peores resultados de consumo. Se obtuvo el peor índice de conversión alimentaria con la dieta que contiene el FSM. La supervivencia y la composición corporal no difirieron entre tratamientos. La separación de las ...
Some fish species have a limited ability to metabolize dietary carbohydrates. An important tool for understanding carbohydrate metabolism is the application of the glucose tolerance test, which can be performed orally or intraperitoneally. To evaluate carbohydrate tolerance in the fruit-eating fish pacu, two experiments were performed, one with oral administration by gavage of three carbohydrate types (glucose, fructose and starch, 2.0 g/kg body weight (BW)) and the other with intraperitoneal injection (IP) of glucose (500 mg/kg BW). Oral glucose resulted in an increase in plasma glucose 2 hr later with the peak at 4 hr (8.30 mmol/L), and return to baseline between 6 and 12 hr; starch administration promoted a peak after 4 hr (7.70 mmol/L), returning to the baseline at 6 hr. The administration of fructose promoted a moderate peak after 2 hr (5.71 mmol/L), and return to baseline for the time points that followed. Elevated serum cholesterol levels were observed 2 and 24 hr after administration of glucose and starch. Hepatic glycogen levels increased within 24 hr, regardless of the type of carbohydrate administered. IP glucose load resulted in a peak of plasma glucose 3 hr post injection (6.91 mmol/L), returning to baseline 6 hr later. There was a reduction in the concentration of triglycerides at 24 hr. The results demonstrate that pacu metabolize both oral (glucose or starch) and intraperitoneal (glucose) carbohydrate loads after 6 hr, suggesting good ability to deal with dietary carbohydrates. K E Y W O R D S fish, glucose, hyperglycaemia, metabolism, omnivorous, pacu wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/are Aquaculture Research. 2018;49:1182-1188.
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