Dietary carbohydrates and protein of yeast modulate the early stages of innate immune response in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) primarily after LPS inoculation

Abstract

The administration of yeast-derived immunostimulants leads to improvement of the immune system and growth performance preventing the antibiotics misuses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Actigen Ò [0, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 % of Actigen (ACT)], on the immunological and physiological responses and growth performance of tilapia after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation. The experiment was conducted in two trials. In the first trial, the ACT was offered for 30 and 60 days; in the second trial, the ACT was offered for 60 days, and then fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with LPS and sampled at 5 and 12 days after inoculation. After the first trial, immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology and the growth performance were assessed, whereas in the second trial, immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. Supplementation of diets with ACT showed a significant effect mainly after 60 days of feeding, with increased lysozyme, globulin, HTC, MCV, erythroblasts, leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. A general decrease in cells and globulin occurred at 5 days after the LPS challenge, with partial recovery at 12 days after the challenge. In addition, the study demonstrated that the use of ACT, an extract derived from yeast cell walls and containing

Dietary supplementation of Viligen™ to Nile tilapia improves growth and gut morphology

“…Dietary supplementation with mannan‐rich fractions (ACTIGEN ® ) affected positively the growth of health pigs (Edwards et al, 2014) and poultry (Mathis et al, 2012); however, such findings are conflicting in fish. In Nile tilapia, growth was not affected when ACTIGEN ® was supplemented at low doses (0.40, 0.60 and 0.80 g kg −1 ), regardless of the feeding period being 30 or 60 days and despite increasing both gut‐fold height and gut‐surface absorption area (Ha et al, 2017). Likewise, growth was not affected when ACTIGEN ® was supplemented at higher doses (4.00 g kg −1 ) in Nile tilapia diets (Cavalcante et al, 2020).…”

“…A new trend in aquaculture is the use of feed additives, such as prebiotics, immunostimulants and organic salts, which can improve fish growth and health (Luckstadt, 2008; Tiengtam et al, 2017); they could be an environmentally viable alternative to antibiotics (Rashidian et al, 2019). Such additives, besides promoting growth, can also stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the host gut, promoting positive immunomodulation that will minimize the action and proliferation of pathogens (Adorian et al, 2016; Gholampour et al, 2020; Ha et al, 2017; Rashidian et al, 2020; Ringo et al, 2010; Torrecillas et al, 2015; Vazirzadeh et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2015).…”

“…Among the components of the additive, sodium butyrate is an organic acid that, besides being a bactericidal compound (Ng & Koh, 2017; Silva et al, 2013) and favouring the growth of lactic acid bacteria (Baruah et al, 2007; Luckstadt, 2008; Robles et al, 2013), acts by providing energy to the epithelial cells and, consequently, their proliferation. Hydrolysed yeast positively modulates the immune system through toll‐like receptors that identify proteins and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, which triggers improved innate immune responses (Ha et al, 2017; Trichet, 2010). Zinc proteinate is an organic mineral that is more bioavailable than inorganic minerals; it has beneficial effects on growth performance and is important for cell proliferation in the immune system (Apines‐Amar et al, 2004; Ibs & Rink, 2003; Lin et al, 2013; Rink & Haase, 2007).…”

Lysozyme activity as an indicator of innate immunity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) when challenged with LPS and Streptococcus agalactiae

“…In 2016, an outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae resulted in high mortality rates in six tilapia farms in northeastern Brazil, causing significant economic losses for the tilapia aquaculture industry (Mian et al, 2009;Chideroli et al, 2017). The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has excellent growth and reproductive performance and is classified as one of the most important fish produced in Brazil and worldwide, and has been used in many studies on immunomodulators (Ha et al, 2017;Zaminhan-Hassemer et al, 2020), thus the reason for it being chosen for this study.…”

Nile tilapia fed insect meal: Growth and innate immune response in different times under lipopolysaccharide challenge

“…Most of the diseases in fish are caused by Gram‐negative bacteria, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key immune component of these bacteria. Therefore, the use of isolated bacterial LPS from Escherichia coli is widely acknowledged in studying fish immunological response (Jiao et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020; Lulijwa et al., 2019; Paulsen et al., 2003), including several studies in Nile tilapia (Ha et al., 2017; Lazado et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2016). It can trigger fierce immune response in animals that leads to a signalling cascade including humoral and cellular components, for example lysozyme, complement factors, and the function and proportion of several kinds of cells, including blood cells (Li et al., 2020; Paulsen et al., 2003).…”