Lysozyme activity as an indicator of innate immunity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) when challenged with LPS and Streptococcus agalactiae

Biller, Jaqueline Dalbello; Polycarpo, Gustavo do Valle; Moromizato, Basia Schlichting; Sidekerskis, Ana Paula Diogo; Silva, Thaís Daltoso da; Reis, Ingrid Camargo dos; Fierro-Castro, Camino

doi:10.37496/rbz5020210053

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The diets enriched with MLE are proposed to elevate lysozyme levels, potentially enhancing its effectiveness in targeting the peptidoglycan layer within bacterial cell walls. This action involves the hydrolysis of beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine acid [ 66 ], ultimately destroying the S. agalactiae bacteria. Moreover, serum bactericidal activity represents a recognized mechanism essential for eradicating and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in fish [ 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2

Kamble,

Gallardo,

Salin

et al. 2024

Animals

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The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf (MLE) extract-supplemented diets on the growth, feed utilization, hematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2. Four hundred and fifty Nile tilapia (32.61 ± 0.2 g/fish) were randomly allocated into fifteen tanks (30 fish/tank). Different concentrations of MLE at 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were fed to the Nile tilapia for 30 days, and the growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response of the Nile tilapia were determined. After the feeding trial, the Nile tilapia were challenged with a S. agalactiae Biotype 2 infection, and the relative percentage of survival (RPS) was determined. Results revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferol, and p-coumaric acid in the MLE extract, exhibiting stronger antimicrobial activity against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. The diets supplemented with the MLE-0.5 group showed a significantly higher growth, feed utilization, hematology, and innate immune response in the Nile tilapia compared to the control and other MLE groups. Additionally, the MLE-0.5 group exhibited a significantly higher RPS of the Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae Biotype 2. Therefore, MLE-0.5 can be employed as an alternative feed supplement in sustainable Nile tilapia farming to protect against S. agalactiae Biotype 2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2

Kamble,

Gallardo,

Salin

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Lysozyme activity is one of the important parameters in innate immune response, involving a mucolytic enzyme that is antibacterial, and could stimulate phagocytosis. The enzyme is known as an indicator of a non-specific immune system that can kill both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [ 26 ]. The lysozyme levels can be affected by factors like stress, infection, season, sex, sexual maturity, salinity, water temperature, pH, sedimentation, nutrition, toxicants, probiotics and immunostimulants [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Intestinal Immunity of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) following Field Vaccination Using a Feed-Based Oral Vaccine

et al. 2023

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This study describes the levels of gut lysozyme and IgM, the number, size and density of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) regions, and the lymphocyte population in Asian seabass following field oral administration of a feed-based vaccine. Fish in a grow-out farm were selected and divided into two groups; Group 1 was vaccinated at week 0, 2, and 6, while Group 2 was not vaccinated. Samplings were done at 2-week intervals when the fish were observed for clinical signs, and gross lesions were recorded. The intestinal tissue and gut lavage fluid were collected. GALT regions (numbers, size, density and population of lymphocytes) were analyzed. Clinical signs such as abnormal swimming pattern and death, and gross lesions including scale loss, ocular opacity, and skin ulceration were observed in both groups. At the end of the study, the incidence rate between both groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The gut IgM level and lysozyme activity, lymphocyte population, number, size and density of GALT regions of Group 1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Group 2. Therefore, this study concludes that the feed-based vaccine reduces the incidence of vibriosis by stimulating the gut immunity of the vaccinated fish with an enhanced GALT region, specific IgM production against Vibrio harveyi, and lysozyme responses.

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“…It hydrolyzes the -1,4-glycosidic bond found in the polysaccharide layer of bacteria cell walls, making it particularly effective at killing Gram-positive bacteria [93]. When attached to microbes, lysozyme functions as an opsonization agent, stimulating phagocytosis [94]. The immune defense mechanism phagocytosis assists fish in reducing their chance of contracting infectious pathogens [95].…”

Section: Growth + Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

Yohana,

Ray,

Yang

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Research

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The aquaculture industry’s insatiable demand for fishmeal has led to a price surge, prompting the search for a sustainable alternative protein source. Enter Azolla meal, a plant protein that could be a viable substitute for fishmeal. This cost-effective supplemental feed could be a game-changer for small-scale producers looking to expand their aquaculture production. Numerous experiments have been conducted on replacing fishmeals with Azolla meals in fish diets, and the results have sparked further research. This review delves into Azolla’s composition, comparing it to fishmeal in terms of proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. It also explores the value of employing Azolla in fish feeds and the various methods to mitigate its adverse effects through feed additives during the feed formulation. This review discusses the essential effects of Azolla meal on the growth of various fish species, including tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), catfish (Clarias batrachus), thai silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita), and catla (Catla catla) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus). Azolla’s potential extends beyond its use as a fish feed ingredient. It could also be utilized for bioremediation to remediate hazardous chemicals in water resulting from aquaculture, industrial, and household waste. Further research is needed to optimize the use of Azolla meal in fish feed and to develop cost-effective production methods. This review is a valuable resource for farmers looking to maximize profit when using Azolla in aquafeed and potentially sustainably enhance aquaculture production. With its promising potential, the Azolla meal could be the key to meeting the growing demand for fishmeals while reducing the industry’s environmental impact.

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Lysozyme activity as an indicator of innate immunity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) when challenged with LPS and Streptococcus agalactiae

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2

Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Hematology, Innate Immunity, and Disease Resistance of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae Biotype 2

Evaluating the Intestinal Immunity of Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) following Field Vaccination Using a Feed-Based Oral Vaccine

A Review on the Use of Azolla Meal as a Feed Ingredient in Aquatic Animals’ Diets

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