In 2020, exports from Russia amounted to about 79 million tons of agricultural products and food worth $ 30.7 billion, which is 20% more than in 2019. By 2024, the volume of exports of agricultural products should grow to $ 45 billion, which indicates export opportunities and its prospects. The drought of the growing season of 2021, together with internal factors, caused a shortfall in crop production in the Republic of Tatarstan in the amount of about 43 billion rubles, and a 48% increase in the cost of grain led to a shortfall in profit in the amount of 3 billion rubles. Unfavorable external economic factors, imperfection of state regulation in terms of organizational and administrative nature, lead to a decrease in production efficiency, which could be observed on the example of the beet industry, manifested in an increase in prices for its final products in 2020. Studies have shown that under the same soil-climatic, economic conditions of management, the efficiency of grain production in the context of municipal districts of the Transcamian zone of the Republic of Tatarstan differed significantly (the average level of profitability for 3 years ranged from 13% to 24%). An analysis of the financial results of agricultural enterprises of the republic for 2015-2020 showed that four out of six years, agricultural producers, excluding subsidies from budgets, had a negative financial result, which necessitates an increase in government measures aimed at compensating for the loss of income to agricultural producers. In order to make more complete use of internal reserves, it is necessary to study and implement the technology and organization of production from commodity producers who, under the same soil and climatic conditions, show a high level of production efficiency. State executive authorities, represented by line ministries and departments, should take measures to stimulate production volumes, strengthen intervention measures in the market of agricultural products, raw materials and food, regulate imports and exports, and ensure price parity measures in agricultural industries
The problem of improving state support for enterprises of the dairy product complex, in particular dairy cattle breeding, remains relevant. Its solution will contribute to the preservation of livestock and increase milk production. The current system of state support for agricultural producers in Ulyanovsk region in the form of subsidies for sold milk is inefficient, and only organizations that ensure an increase in milk yield, as well as maintaining milk production and calf output per 100 cows, can receive it. In addition, the amount of subsidy per 1 liter of milk sold is only 0.54 rubles. This does not stimulate the development of dairy cattle breeding in the region, as evidenced by the low growth rate of gross milk yield for 2014–2018. The sector’s efficiency in agricultural enterprises - the main producers of marketed milk - decreased by 6.0 percentage points, amounting to 21.9% in 2018. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving state support for dairy cattle breeding in the Ulyanovsk region. In general, it should be aimed at preserving (increasing) the number of dairy herds and maintaining the productivity of cows not lower than the average regional value. The amount of the proposed subsidies under the state support program for dairy cattle breeding in the region may amount to 12.0 thousand rubles. per 1 cow, including 2.0 thousand rubles for the safety of the livestock, 10.0 thousand rubles - for the productivity of cows. With this approach, in 2018, 52.5 million rubles would have been required for state support for the development of the dairy cattle industry in agricultural enterprises in the region, the subsidy per 1 liter of milk sold would have amounted to 1.66 rubles
The studies were carried out in order to identify factors affecting the efficiency of milk production in Ulyanovsk region, to subsequently determine the most important measures for the development of the industry. The bulk of marketed milk in the region is produced by agricultural enterprises. Despite the strengthening of state support measures to stimulate dairy farming, the growth rate of milk production in agricultural organizations in the region remains low. For 2014 - 2018 gross milk yield in farms of this category increased by only 5.7% and was due to increased productivity of cows. At the same time, milk production efficiency decreased from 27.9 to 21.9%, and its growth was noted only in 7 regions of the region. In 11 districts, a decrease in the profitability of milk production for 2014–2018, ranged from 6.2 to 71.5 percentage points. According to the results of the grouping of agricultural enterprises of Ulyanovsk region, the highest level of profitability of milk production is due to the increased average annual milk yield from 1 cow, a larger share of feed costs in the total cost of maintaining the dairy herd, low production and sale costs of 1 centner of milk, and a high selling price of 1 centner milk. Achieving high profitability is possible only with the optimal combination of these factors. Strengthening the fodder base will contribute to increasing the efficiency of milk production in Ulyanovsk region, which will ensure further development of the industry and create conditions for increasing the volume of milk and dairy products
The article analyzes the motivation to engage in physical culture of students of non-physical culture universities. The statistical conclusions of the results of the questioning of students are presented. Priority and uninteresting motives have been determined, the dynamics of changes in students priorities in the learning process has been investigated. Recommendations for activating students to physical culture and sports are formulated.
Innovation policies are currently one of the main axes for improving the efficiency of national economies in developed and developing countries. The innovation policy includes a comprehensive system of activities. In Russia, increasing the specific weight of commercial entities engaged in innovative activities is among the most important objectives for the short term. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of innovation based on taking into account the specific weight of organizations that perform innovations in the total number of organizations operating in the regions of Russia. Our study was based on official statistical information on the 82 regions of Russia for 2017-2019. Economic-mathematical models have been developed that describe the specific weight of the organizations that implement innovation. There are no significant changes in the indicators for the years indicated. It has been shown that, to date, almost one in five organizations in the Russian Federation has used innovation in their activities. In addition, they have identified the regions with maximum and minimum values of the specific weightings of innovative organizations for 2019.
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