A simple, economic, rapid, reliable, and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PCM) and caffeine (CF) in solid dosage form. The chromatographic separations were achieved with a Waters Symmetry W C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm), using a mixture of methanol and water (40:60, v/v) as a mobile phase, under isocratic elution mode with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and ultraviolet (UV) detection was set at 264 nm. The oven temperature for the column was set and maintained at 35 °C. The method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, and it demonstrated excellent linearity, with a correlation coefficient of 1 and 0.9999 for PCM and CF, respectively, over the concentration ranges of 15-300 μg/mL (PCM) and 2.5-50 μg/mL (CF). The retention time (t R ) was found to be 2.6 ± 0.001 and 3.5 ± 0.002 min for PCM and CF, respectively. Extensive stress degradation studies were conducted by subjecting the analytes to various stress conditions of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis as well as oxidative, photolytic, and heat degradations. The method was found to efficiently separate the analytes' peaks from that of the degradation products, without any variation in their retention times. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of all recoveries for PCM and CF were less than 1.3%. The method was found to be suitable for routine analysis of PCM and CF in pharmaceutical dosage form.

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An increase of crystallinity in a post humidity treated SD did not exert detrimental effect to their dissolution profiles. A more stabilized system with a preferable enhanced dissolution rate was obtained by exposing the SD to a post processing humidity treatment.

A new high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determination of triclosan (TCS) and flurbiprofen (FBP) was successfully developed and validated at a single wavelength. The method involves extraction of the targeted drugs from nanogels and simulated saliva by using methanol as the extractant. The Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm) was used for the chromatographic separations. The effects of various parameters were extensively evaluated and optimized. The optimal HPLC conditions were acetonitrile and 0.001 M citric acid (90:10, v/v) with a pH of 3.24 as the mobile phase, at a 0.3 mL/min flow rate under isocratic elution mode. Excellent sensitivity and specificity were achieved by ultraviolet (UV) detection at 242 nm. The method also demonstrated excellent linearity within the test range of 10–100 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998 for both the analytes. The practical applicability of the method was demonstrated by recovering TCS and FBP from nanogels and simulated saliva. The recovery of the analytes from the nanogels and the spiked simulated saliva samples was in the range of 97–98% and 96–99%, respectively, and their respective relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 0.9% in both cases. System suitability parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. The method is simple, specific, and precise, and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first reported validated quantitative HPLC method for the concurrent determination of TCS and FBP in a pharmaceutical dental product. The method can be useful in the routine quality control analysis of dental formulations with TCS and FBP contents or products with a similar composition.

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Objectives: To know the causes, magnitude, associated factors & positivecases of polioin village Sumbat, district Swat, a notorious village for polio vaccination refusal.Study Design: This study was conducted in village Sumbat. It was cross-sectional observational study.A cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing census technique.Methods: 43 families of the area who were refusing to vaccinate their children were visited &interviewed. The data was collected from concerned BHU & district polio eradication centre. The datawas collected by pre-tested structured questionnaire.Results: 5% children were not vaccinated because of refusal. Out of 5% cases 79% refusals were onreligious grounds, 9% were fed up of repetition & rest of 12% were refusing because no positive casesin the area were reported. Refusal was also associated with socioeconomic & educational status of thefamilies. Along with refusal to polio vaccines, considerable cases of refusal to EPI & other vaccinationprograms were also found.Conclusions: We concluded that the refusal cases are increasing gradually & is the major factor in thefailure of eradication of polio. Focusing merely on vaccination is not the only solution to the problem wehave to consider all the factorscontributing to refusal & proper stepsshould be taken in this regard.

Objective:The aim was to investigate the suitability of hydrophilic natural gums, namely -konjac glucomannan gum (KG), Tara gallactomannan gum (TG) andxanthan gum (XG); and their combination, as bioadhesive polymers. Materials and Methods: Bioadhesive strength of the gums and their combination was investigated using texture analyzer employing chicken pouch as biological membrane.