The aim of the study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of ascorbic acid against the subchronic effect of co-exposure of fluoride (F) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant defense system in the liver of adult Wistar rats. The animal groups were provided with either vehicle or ascorbic acid (60 mg/kg, b.w.) or NOAEL dose of fluoride (1 ppm) or CPF (1 mg/kg, b.w.) or ten times of such doses orally alone and in combination or pre-treated with ascorbic acid along with co-exposure of F and CPF every consecutive day for 28 days. Hepatic damage marker analysis in blood revealed that aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with single or combined exposure of F or CPF at either dose levels. Significant increased oxidative damage of hepatocytes as indicated by increased MDA levels with decrease in tissue ascorbate and free radical scavenging enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase was observed in groups treated with either F or CPF as well as in combinedly treated animals as compared to control animals. Supplementation of ascorbic acid restored the hepatic specific marker enzymes in blood following co-exposure of F and CPF at lower doses which were otherwise increased in the F and CPF co-exposed rats. The results show that ascorbic acid supplementation with F and CPF prevents or diminishes the hepatic damage in rats co-exposed to toxicants and may act as a putative protective agent against toxicant-induced liver tissue injury.

Our observations suggested that the concurrent exposure to CPF and fluoride increased the extent of renal damage. These findings indicate that this damage is due to increased free radical formation and a reduced function of the antioxidant system in renal tissue. Thus, the application of CPF as an insecticide should be reduced in areas where the fluoride levels in ground waters are high in order to minimize renal damage in exposed populations.

The study was conducted to understand the effect of season, parity and stage of lactation on productive performance of Sahiwal cattle. The data of productive traits of 133 Sahiwal cattle from 2016 to 2018 maintained at the Livestock Research Center, Karnal, Haryana, were used for this study. The production data were analyzed using least-square procedures based on season, parity and stage of lactation. Results indicated that the parity had significant (p less than 0.05) influence on monthly milk yield (MMY) whereas, the stage of lactation had highly significant (P less than 0.01) influence on monthly milk yield (MMY) and test day milk yield (TDMY). However, there was no significant effect of season on different productive performance traits in Sahiwal cattle. The phenotypic parameter estimates indicated that the parity and stage of lactation of cattle can be used as a selection tool for improvement of productive traits considering its high positive phenotypic correlations with succeeding productive traits in Sahiwal cows.

Aim :To evaluate the effects of chlorpyriphos, lead acetate, vitamin C alone, and in combination on the activity of oxidative stress parameters in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Rats of 150-200g body weight were divided into eight groups of six animals each and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimes for 98 days. Group I served as control receiving only corn oil, group II received th chlorpyriphos @ 5.5 mg/ kg in corn oil, group III received lead acetate @100 ppm in water, whereas animals in group IV th received a combination of chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg in corn oil and lead acetate @ 100 ppm in water. Group V received th vitamin C @ 100mg/kg in water, group VI received a combination of chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg and vitamin C @ th th 100mg/kg , group VII received lead acetate @ 100 ppm in water and vitamin C @ 100mg/kg and group VIII received chlorpyriphos @ 5.5mg/kg , lead acetate @100ppm in water and vitamin C @ 100mg/kg. Results: Administration of both chlorpyriphos and lead acetate caused a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters viz. blood glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) along with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation level when given alone or in combination. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that treatment of chlorpyriphos and lead treated rats with vitamin C significantly improved some of altered oxidative stress parameters revealing the protective effect of this vitamin C against oxidative stress induced by chlorpyriphos and lead. [Vet World 2013; 6(8.000): 461-466

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Present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of β-haemolytic streptococci in equine of northern temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. One hundred and forty one samples were collected in duplicate from nasopharyngeal tract of diseased (53) and apparently healthy equine (88) for isolation and direct PCR. A total of 77 isolates of streptococci were recovered from 141 samples with an overall prevalence rate of 54.60%. Out of these 77 isolates, 52 were from diseased and 25 from apparently healthy animals. Of the 77 isolates, 4 were identified as Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, 56 as S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and 17 as S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. Thus the overall prevalence of S. equi subsp. equi, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis was 2.83, 39.71 and 12.05% respectively. The sensitivity of the PCR for the detection of S. equi species was found higher when attempted from direct swab samples.

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