Free radical-induced nephrotoxicity following repeated oral exposureto chlorpyrifos alone and in conjunction with fluoride in rats

Abstract

Our observations suggested that the concurrent exposure to CPF and fluoride increased the extent of renal damage. These findings indicate that this damage is due to increased free radical formation and a reduced function of the antioxidant system in renal tissue. Thus, the application of CPF as an insecticide should be reduced in areas where the fluoride levels in ground waters are high in order to minimize renal damage in exposed populations.

Alteration in thiols homeostasis, protein and lipid peroxidation in renal tissue following subacute oral exposure of imidacloprid and arsenic in Wistar rats

“…Simultaneous exposure of both the toxicants produced more pronounced increase in oxidation of membrane lipids (401.2%) and proteins (40.0%) of renal tissue compared to control as well as exposure of either toxicant ( Table 1 ). These observations are in accordance with the observations reported with co-exposure of metals and insecticides to rats [ 39 , 41 , 46 ].…”

“…Co-administrations of the toxicants produced more pronounced increase in BUN (288.2%) and CR (188.7%) levels indicative of more severe renal dysfunction as compared to individual administration of either toxicant ( Table 1 ). Similar observations have also been reported with co-exposure of different metals with different insecticides [ [39] , [40] , [41] ].…”

“…The reduction in activities of these antioxidant enzymes might be either due to increased concentration of free radicals or decreased concentration of reduced glutathione a substrate for different antioxidant enzymes like GPx, GST and GR. Such pronounced alterations in different antioxidant parameters in different visceral organs of animals exposed concurrently to insecticides and metals have been reported [ 41 , [46] , [47] , [48] ].…”

Nephroprotective Role ofBeta vulgarisL. Root Extract against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Renal Injury in Rats

“…Exposure to CPF significantly increased the levels of serum creatinine and urea. Several physiological alterations have been observed following CPF exposure [21, 22]. Creatinine and urea are essential markers of kidney function in patients suffering from renal injury.…”

“…Our study showed that CPF induced redox imbalance, as evidenced by increased MDA and NO levels, decreased GSH levels, and decreased activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR in renal tissue. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be the primary mechanism of CPF-induced nephrotoxicity [21, 22]. MDA is formed by ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and is commonly used as a biomarker of oxidative stress.…”