Low 25(OH)D levels are associated with advance fibrosis and severe inflammation in AIH. Our study suggests that vitamin D may be a potential biomarker that predicts response to therapy and histological features in AIH.

There is increasing evidence that several cardiometabolic risk factors occur with higher prevalence in non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma patients compared to age-matched healthy subjects. In our study, hypertension prevalence and CIMT were higher in the NFAI group. Serum adipokine levels were similar for both groups.

Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage (SAH) is seen in the absence of trauma or adrenal tumor in adrenal glands. The incidence of SAH has been reported from 0.14% to 1.1% and it usually involves the right gland. During pregnancy, idiopathic unilateral SAH has been reported rarely. We present a case which comes to emergency department with an acute abdominal pain and the test results showed spontaneous left SAH.

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem, and it is related to increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D has a beneficial effect on dyslipidemia and insulin secretion. We aimed to investigate the impact of vitamin D 3 supplementation on anthropometric and laboratory parameters in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Material and methods Seventy-two overweight and 50 obese vitamin-D-deficient premenopausal women (mean age: 43.1 ±10.4 years) were included in the study. Baseline mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was 6.1 (min.–max. = 2.9–15.8) ng/ml in overweight and was 5.6 (min.–max. = 3.0–22.0) ng/ml in obese subjects. At baseline and at the sixth month of supplementation, serum 25(OH)D, intact parathormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles were assessed. Results Following vitamin D 3 supplementation in overweight and obese subjects, serum 25(OH)D increased from 6.1 to 34.7 ng/ml and 5.6 to 34.7 ng/ml, respectively ( p < 0.001). At the sixth month of supplementation in both overweight and obese subjects, a significant reduction was detected in HOMA-IR ( p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( p = 0.046, p = 0.044; respectively) and iPTH levels ( p ≤ 0.001, p < 0.001; respectively). A negative adjusted correlation was found between changes in 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR ( r = –0.581, p < 0.001; r = –0.389, p = 0.005; respectively). A 1 ng/ml increase in serum 25(OH)D level led to a 0.30-fold reduction in HOMA-IR level ( p = 0.002). Conclusions Our results support the effect of vitamin D 3 supplementation in HOMA-IR and LDL-C improvement in both obese and overweight subjects. Further studies focused on low serum 25(OH)D levels with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are needed.

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