The cheap and easy availability of the Kinnow peel waste has reported various applications due to presence of multifunctional groups. Therefore, in present study we explored its application to synthesize N-Benzylideneaniline and its derivatives based on Schiff base reaction. Kinnow peel powder is characterized by FTIR, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, and TGA for functional groups, morphology, surface, elements and thermal stability. Benzaldehyde, aniline, and their derivatives such as 4-methyl benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, and 4-methoxy aniline have been used to compare the efficacy of the Schiff base reaction using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and it has been observed that combination of Aniline and benzaldehyde for Schiff base reaction provided 85% yield of relative product.

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Graphene is allotrope of carbon with sp 2 hybridization. It provides high surface area with high stability and easy modified properties, due to this it show many chemical, electrical and medicinal applications. We have compiled their many medicinal and biosafety properties and reported herein in critical way. We have also described the synthesis of graphene oxide with various methods.

Graphene is one of the most auspicious constituents in nanotechnology. It provides the most accurate theoretical 2‐D depiction of catalytic sustenance. Its exceptional, physico‐chemical, and mechanical qualities make it distinctive and also able to create composite materials with novel capabilities. Although using graphene as a single‐layered sheet as a catalytic tool has not been documented yet, certain encouraging outcomes using few‐layer graphene have previously been attained. We will quickly go through the most pertinent synthetic methods for obtaining graphene and graphene based materials in this article. The composites of graphene are used in various catalytic reactions, including Coupling reactions, Aza‐Michael addition, Hydration, Oxidation, Esterification, Pechmann Condensation, Knoevenagel Condensation, Ring‐Opening Polymerization, Friedel‐Crafts Addition, Ring Opening of Epoxides and Decarboxylation have been catalysed by these expertly crafted and prepared graphene‐based catalysts. The graphene based composites allows for easy, recyclable, arnold transform, and environmentally friendly photocatalysis and also mild, precise, and super effective conversions and synthesis.

The Shekhawati regions constitute of Sikar, Neemkathana and Khandela areas of Rajasthan where actually exist various types of groundwater problems. Due to this reason, there are various diseases found in these regions such as Fluorosis, methaemoglobinaemia etc. For this purpose, samples from the Shekhawati region in Rajasthanwere first collected and subsequently various parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride content, NO3-content, F-content were determined. The study showed that many of the all given parameters were either lower or higher than the ideal limits prescribed by WHO and ISI and are causing health problems to the people living in the region.