Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate has achieved increasingly higher levels of accuracy. Because real-time MR-guided targeted biopsy is still a complicated and expensive procedure, there is considerable interest in a technique of MR/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) hybridized image-guided biopsy. However, because the 3-D shapes of the prostate at the time of image-acquisition at preoperative MRI are likely to be different from the intra-operative TRUS images, the precise registration of each 3-D volume data is critical. To reduce the potential errors in registration of TRUS with MRI, we introduce new procedural techniques in a rigid image fusion technique. First, preoperative MR images were obtained with a specifically-made plastic outer-frame, with exactly the same shape as the real TRUS probe, placed in the rectum, in order to simulate the deformation of the prostate caused by the absence or presence of a TRUS probe during the acquisition of MR or TRUS images. Second , instead of using a single plane of longitudinal image, we applied biplane TRUS images to be shown in parallel on a multiplanar display with corresponding reconstructed MRI, in order to register both horizontal and longitudinal images of the prostate simultaneously, thereby achieving improved 3-D anatomical matching.
Monitoring of voiding with 4DUS was feasible in healthy men and patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Four-dimensional ultrasonography has the potential to be a novel noninvasive urodynamic modality to visualize dynamically the lower urinary tract during voiding and to improve pathophysiologic understanding of voiding.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.