Fracture is one of the most life-threatening injuries in horses. Fracture repair is often associated with unsatisfactory outcomes and is associated with a high incidence of complications. This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic effects of gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate (GT) sponges loaded with different concentrations/ratios of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in an equine bone defect model. Seven thoroughbred horses were used in this study. Eight bone defects were created in the third metatarsal bones of each horse. Then, eight treatments, namely control, GT, GT/M-5, GT/M-6, GT/M-5/B-1, GT/M-5/B-3, GT/M-6/B-1, and GT/M-6/B-3 were applied to the eight different sites in a randomized manner (M-5: 2 × 10(5) MSCs; M-6: 2 × 10(6) MSCs; B-1: 1 μg of BMP-2; B-3: 3 μg of BMP-2). Repair of bone defects was assessed by radiography, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and histopathological evaluation. Radiographic scores and CT values were significantly lower in the control group than in the other groups, while they were significantly higher in the GT/M-5/B-3 and GT/M-6/B-3 groups than in the other groups. The amount of mature compact bone filling the defects was greater in the GT/M-5/B-3 and GT/M-6/B-3 groups than in the other groups. The present study demonstrated that the GT sponge loaded with MSCs and BMP-2 promoted bone regeneration in an equine bone defect model. The GT/MSC/BMP-2 described here may be useful for treating horses with bone injuries.
2.3-month-old (Case 1), one-month-old (Case 2) and 6-month-old (Case 3), Japanese Black
calves presented with mild to severe wheezing. All calves had histories of dystocia at
birth with breech presentation. Physical examination, thoracic radiography, endoscopy or
computed tomography indicated wheezing associated with tracheal collapse and stenosis
caused by perinatal rib fractures. Partial resection of the fractured first and second
ribs was performed on all calves. The respiration in Cases 1 and 2 immediately improved
after the surgery, while Case 3 required two weeks to improve. Cases 1 and 3 grew up
healthy and were sold at auction, but Case 2 had a recurrence of wheezing at three months
post-discharge and showed growth retarding. Partial costectomy may be an effective
solution for control of respiration, however, further cases are required to discuss the
criteria for surgical management and to obtain favorable postoperative prognosis in calves
with tracheal collapse and stenosis caused by perinatal rib fractures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.