“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining increasing attention for osteochondral regeneration because of their ability to differentiate into several cell lineages including cartilage and bone cells (Diaz-Flores et al, 2012;Tsuzuki et al, 2012;Seo et al, 2013). Many growth factors have been used for osteochondral regeneration, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), and platelet rich plasma (PRP) (Sun et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2012;Nukavarapu and Dorcemus, 2013;Seo et al, 2013;Tsuzuki et al, 2013).…”