We demonstrate a single frequency diode-pumped Nd:GdVO(4) laser at 1070 nm using a volume Bragg grating as the output coupler of a short plano-concave cavity. The TEM(00) output had a maximum power of 300 mW and a linewidth less than 23 MHz. The beam propagation parameter M2 and the divergence angle at 200 mW were 1.2 and 0.37°, respectively. The single frequency tuning range was 5.1 GHz at 100 mW. Upon locking the laser frequency to a confocal reference cavity, a relative stability of 7.58 kHz was achieved. If frequency doubled, such as using a periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal, this laser offers an excellent light source for parity non-conservation experiments of atomic thallium.
The saturated absorption spectrum of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition of 203 Tl and 205 Tl in a hollow cathode lamp has been observed with a frequency-doubled 1070 nm Nd : GdVO 4 laser. The third-derivative spectrum of the hyperfine components are obtained using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy and used to stabilize the laser frequency. The analysis of the error signal shows that the frequency stability reaches 30 kHz at 1 s averaging time. Such a frequency-stabilized light source at 535 nm can be used for laser cooling of thallium and for investigating the parity non-conservation effect in thallium. The absolute frequencies of hyperfine components are measured with an accuracy of 30 MHz using a precision wavelength meter. Including the pressure shift correction, the center of gravity of the transition frequency is determined to an accuracy of 22 MHz for both isotopes. Meanwhile, the isotope shift derived is in good agreement with earlier measurement.
This investigation presents a fibre-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer as a displacement sensor in an atomic force microsope (AFM). A simple model of light wave transmission between two fibres with the same core diameter is proposed to determine the theoretical equation of light intensity of interference fringes from the fibre-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer. By replacing an AFM cantilever with a movable reflective mirror, the variations of relative light intensity of the interference fringes with the spacing between the fibre and the mirror were recorded. The theoretical equation for the light intensity of interference fringes was close to those obtained experimentally. Finally, a fibre-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was operated in an AFM to image a two-dimensional phase array with a pitch of 4 µm and a depth of 150 nm.
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