Absolute frequency measurements of the molecular iodine hyperfine transitions at 535 nm

Shie, Nang-Chian; Chen, Shih-En; Chang, Che-Ming; Hsieh, Wen–Feng; Shy, Jow−Tsong

doi:10.1364/josab.30.002022

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pressure shifts of iodine lines are found to be in the range of 5 to 9 kHz Pa −1 . [26][27][28][29][30][31] With the vapor pressure temperature dependence of iodine being 14.9 Pa K −1 at about 45°C 33 (and increasing for higher temperatures), the pressure shift as a function of cell temperature can be estimated to be less than 10 cm s −1 K, consistent with FTS measurements. 22 This means that, by maintaining a temperature stability of better than 1 K, a 10 cm s −1 accuracy of the iodine spectrum can be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…This model has been experimentally verified for multiple transitions, each at different wavelengths (534, 535, 548, 560, 647, and 671 nm) using LFCs. [26][27][28][29][30][31] The deviations to the model range from −3.6 to 2.2 MHz (corresponding to better than 2.5 m s −1 ) with measurement uncertainties typically in the range of 10 to 25 kHz (corresponding to better than 2 cm s −1 ). Although this shows that the model does not (yet) exhibit accuracy on the sub m s −1 level, the spectrum of iodine itself provides an accurate standard as illustrated by its recommended use as a practical realization of the meter by the Comité international des poids et mesures (CIPM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward 10 cm s−1 radial velocity accuracy on the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer

Debus,

Schäfer,

Reiners

2023

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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.The Institute for Astrophysics and Geophysics solar observatory is producing high-fidelity, ultra-high-resolution spectra (R > 500000) of the spatially resolved surface of the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The radial velocity (RV) calibration of these spectra is currently performed using absorption lines from Earth’s atmosphere, limiting the precision and accuracy. To improve the frequency calibration precision and accuracy, we use a Fabry–Pérot etalon (FP) setup that is an evolution of the CARMENES FP design and an iodine cell in combination. To create an accurate wavelength solution, the iodine cell is measured in parallel with the FP. The FP is then used to transfer the accurate wavelength solution provided by the iodine via a simultaneous calibration of solar observations. To verify the stability and precision of the FTS, we perform parallel measurements of the FP and an iodine cell. The measurements show an intrinsic stability of the FTS of a level of 1 m s − 1 over 90 h. The difference between the FP RVs and the iodine cell RVs show no significant trends during the same time span. The root mean square of the RV difference between the FP and iodine cell is 10.7 cm s − 1, which can be largely attributed to the intrinsic RV precisions of the iodine cell and the FP (10.2 and 1.0 cm s − 1, respectively). This shows that we can calibrate the FTS to a level of 10 cm s − 1, competitive with current state-of-the-art precision RV instruments. Based on these results, we argue that the spectrum of iodine can be used as an absolute reference to reach an RV accuracy of 10 cm s − 1.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward 10 cm s−1 radial velocity accuracy on the Sun using a Fourier transform spectrometer

Debus,

Schäfer,

Reiners

2023

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…The pressure shift of this transition under neon has been measured to be −2.3(1.0) MHz/torr [26]. Therefore, by taking the pressure shift (−33 ± 14 MHz) into account, the zero-pressure transition frequencies of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition is determined to be 560 155 914 (22) MHz and 560 157 671(22) MHz for 203 Tl and 205 Tl, respectively. The energy of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition has been calculated to be 18619 cm −1 , corresponding to 558 183.6 GHz, using the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) with the configuration interaction (CI) method [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To check the accuracy of the wavelength meter at 535 nm, the frequency doubled Nd:GdVO 4 laser is stabilized to the hyperfine components of the P (28) 30-0 transition of molecular iodine at 535 nm, which is less than 10 GHz away from the thallium transitions. The absolute frequencies of the a 1 , a 10 , and a 15 hyperfine components have been measured using an optical frequency comb (OFC) to an accuracy of 11 kHz [22]. The differences between the absolute frequencies measured by the wavelength meter and the OFC are less than 3 MHz for all three hyperfine components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency measurement of the 6P3/2→7S1/2transition of thallium

et al. 2013

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The saturated absorption spectrum of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition of 203 Tl and 205 Tl in a hollow cathode lamp has been observed with a frequency-doubled 1070 nm Nd : GdVO 4 laser. The third-derivative spectrum of the hyperfine components are obtained using the wavelength modulation spectroscopy and used to stabilize the laser frequency. The analysis of the error signal shows that the frequency stability reaches 30 kHz at 1 s averaging time. Such a frequency-stabilized light source at 535 nm can be used for laser cooling of thallium and for investigating the parity non-conservation effect in thallium. The absolute frequencies of hyperfine components are measured with an accuracy of 30 MHz using a precision wavelength meter. Including the pressure shift correction, the center of gravity of the transition frequency is determined to an accuracy of 22 MHz for both isotopes. Meanwhile, the isotope shift derived is in good agreement with earlier measurement.

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“…Green lasers at 535 nm have special applications in physical and medical fields such as investigation of the parity non-conservation effect, medical treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The possible way to obtain 535 nm green laser emission is the frequency doubling of 1070 nm laser emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%