The large increase in conductivity observed when polyacetylene is exposed to iodine vapor has fascinated scientists since the late 1970s.1 When conductivities in the metallic regime were reported by Naarmann et al.2 and Tsukamoto,3 interest in this conducting polymer was rekindled. As 10® S/cm is the highest reported conductivity for any organic conducting polymer, a greater understanding of the factors that influence the high conductivity in polyacetylene is critical. One of the factors contributing to the high conductivity was thought to be the amount of sp3 sites in the sp2 chain. The sp3 content was reported2*3 to be lower in N-(CH)X than in traditional Shirakawa
Alumina is a common contaminate of titania, which is found in paints and food additives. Recently, thin films of rutile TiO2 grown on sapphire (α-Alumina) have received attention for possible use in electronic and optical devices.1−3 However, the alumina-titania interface has not been well characterized. In this work we report an extensive analysis of the alumina-titania interfacial relationship. Using existing structural data4, models of common alumina and titania surfaces have been constructed. The model used maximizes the commensurability between the two structures. Semi-empirical/tight binding calculations have been employed to examine the monolayer as well as the interfacial electronic properties in terms of chemical interaction potential and stability.
Heteropoly acids, HPA are well known solid acid and oxidation catalysts that find application in hetergeneous and homogeneous reactions. In the former, surface area and stability problems are diminshed by supporting the HPA. Typical supports include oxide substrates and porous carbon materials. The HPA's show some instability on these supports however. In this work, we demonstrate that HPA encapsulated in solgel silica matrices show enhanced catalytic performance without compromising the catalytic activity of the HPA. in addition, the specific role of the support in the catalytic process is described as well.Introduction:
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