A quartz crystal microbalance study of vapor phase iodine doping of polyacetylene

Arbuckle, Georgia A.; Buecheler, Nancy M.; Clark, Charles R.; Wille, Andrew

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(94)90245-3

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A limited conductivity of the patterned, iodine‐doped polyCOT most likely arises from exposure to an oxygen‐containing atmosphere prior to and during EFM imaging, and is supported by the presence of 11.5 % oxygen (O 1s) in the XPS survey spectrum of an iodine‐doped, bulk polyCOT sample (see Supporting Information). In addition, the conductivity of polyCOT depends upon polymer chain length (molecular weight)40 and the degree of iodine doping,41, 42 that is, properties that are difficult to characterize on the nanometer length scale. The important feature of our approach is that EFM measurements can distinguish between the electronic properties of two adjacent, but chemically different polymeric nanostructures with high resolution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes by Combining AFM Anodization Lithography with Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization in the Liquid and Vapor Phase

Lee

Caster

Kim

et al. 2006

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Nanopatterned polymer structures are fabricated on SiO2 by combining AFM anodization nanolithography (see upper figure) with surface‐initiated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP, lower figure). This process offers a powerful set of tools for the fabrication of highly functional polymer brushes. The simplicity and speed of anodization lithography promises its massively parallel implementation using anodization stamps. The fabrication approach is universal and can easily be adapted to other surface initiated polymerizations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes by Combining AFM Anodization Lithography with Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization in the Liquid and Vapor Phase

Lee

Caster

Kim

et al. 2006

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“…When Naarmann et al . and subsequently Tsukamoto et al reported conductivities as high as 10 5 S/cm for stretched polyacetylene films, interest in this air-sensitive conducting polymer was renewed. − In order to compare these three types of polyacetylene, we have synthesized and characterized both free-standing films and thin films on quartz crystal substrates. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…QCM has been used to investigate the polymerization and doping of other conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and poly(3-methylthiophene) . Previously, we have reported on the preliminary results of iodine doping of polyacetylenes. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] In order to compare these three types of polyacetylene, we have synthesized and characterized both free-standing films and thin films on quartz crystal substrates. [8][9][10] We have characterized undoped (nonconducting) freestanding films of S-(CH) x (traditional Shirakawa polyacetylene 11 ), N-(CH) x (Naarmann et al 3 ), and ν- (CH) x (Tsukamoto et al 4 ) by 13 C CPMAS NMR, FT-IR, resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 9,10 There is a remarkable similarity between the three types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Previously, we have reported on the preliminary results of iodine doping of polyacetylenes. [6][7][8] In this study, both the mass change and the resistance have been recorded in situ during vapor phase iodine doping. Iodine vapor both oxidizes the polymer (a process referred to as doping, which results in an increase in conductivity) and acts as a counteranion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing and Contrasting the Effects of Iodine Doping on Different Types of Polyacetylene Films

Hall

Arbuckle

1996

Macromolecules

Self Cite

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A comparison between Shirakawa polyacetylene or S-(CH) x , Naarmann polyacetylene or N-(CH) x , and Tsukamoto polyacetylene or ν-(CH) x during iodine vapor phase doping has been made. Thin films of each type of polyacetylene were polymerized directly onto quartz crystal substrates. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is used to measure the mass change during doping (oxidation) of polyacetylene with iodine in the vapor phase. For the same mass of dopant, the highest conductivity is observed for ν-(CH) x . The most dense polyacetylene, ν-(CH) x , has the smallest diffusion coefficient on the order of 10-14 cm2/s. The diffusion coefficient for short times (<3000 s) is similar for all three types of polyacetylene (10-12 cm2/s); however, at longer times (10 000−70 000 s), the diffusion coefficients correlate with the densities of the undoped materials.

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Morphology, surface roughness, electron inelastic and quasielastic scattering in elastic peak electron spectroscopy of polymers

Lesiak

Kosinski

Nowakowski

et al. 2007

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES), the nearest vicinity of elastic peak in the low kinetic energy region reflects electron inelastic and quasielastic processes. Incident electrons produce surface excitations, inducing surface plasmons, with the corresponding loss peaks separated by 1-20 eV energy from the elastic peak.In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and helium pycnometry are applied for determining surface atomic composition and bulk density, whereas atomic force microscopy (AFM) is applied for determining surface morphology and roughness. The component due to electron recoil on hydrogen atoms can be observed in EPES spectra for selected primary electron energies. Simulations of EPES predict a larger contribution of the hydrogen component than observed experimentally, where hydrogen deficiency is observed. Elastic peak intensity is influenced more strongly by surface morphology (roughness and porosity) than by surface excitations and quasielastic scattering of electrons by hydrogen atoms.

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A quartz crystal microbalance study of vapor phase iodine doping of polyacetylene

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes by Combining AFM Anodization Lithography with Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization in the Liquid and Vapor Phase

Nanopatterned Polymer Brushes by Combining AFM Anodization Lithography with Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization in the Liquid and Vapor Phase

Comparing and Contrasting the Effects of Iodine Doping on Different Types of Polyacetylene Films

Morphology, surface roughness, electron inelastic and quasielastic scattering in elastic peak electron spectroscopy of polymers

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