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This study examines the factor structure of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (CDSES-SF) among Chinese college students. Two samples of college students from China were used. The original 25-item CDSES-SF was not supported by the data derived from a sample of 256 Chinese college students (Sample 1). However, a modified 13-item, three-factor model of the CDSES-SF fit the data well: The standardized factor loadings and goodness-of-fit indexes were adequate and the reliability coefficient was .85. This 13-item model was subsequently cross-validated with a second sample of Chinese college students ( N= 157). The cross-validation test revealed that the model was invariant across the two samples. It is suggested that this revised CDSES-SF may be applied to understanding Chinese college students’ career decision-making behavior.

BostonThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and the quality of life (QOL) in Chinese individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) and to examine whether health status and demographic variables correlated with the QOL in this population. One hundred individuals with SCI in China participated in the study. The results indicated that self-efficacy beliefs accounted for a substantial variance in the QOL of the participants. Moreover, health status, income, educational level, and time spent on voluntary work were correlated with the QOL in this population. The results are discussed in line with the Chinese culture and its influences on psychosocial adjustment to SCI and rehabilitation services for people with disabilities in China. uality of life (QOL) as an ultimate rehabilitatioñ goal for people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is now widely accepted by professionals in the rehabilitation field (Although the term QOL has not been distinctly defined in the literature, researchers tend to agree that QOL is related to an individual's assessment of how satisfied he or she is with his or her own life and that QOL should be viewed from the perspective of people with disabilities (Roessler, 1990;Whiteneck, 1994). In line with this position, several studies have been conducted to investigate the meaning of QOL as perceived by people with SCI and the domains that contribute to QOL. For instance, in a qualitative study, Boswell, Dawson, and Heininger (1998) found that satisfaction with life was the key in the participant's perception of QOL. They also identified three domains in life-attitudes toward life, opportunities to work, and the level of resources-as significant contributors to QOL. Although attitude was the most important contributor, resources served as a necessary foundation for a positive attitude. Also, attitude was influenced by the opportunity to be employed. Similarly, Pain, Dunn, Anderson, Darrah, and Kratochvil (1998) reported that emotional health, relationships, maximizing potential, and having an enjoyable and meaningful life were the common themes of QOL identified by 22 individuals who either had physical disabilities or were family members of people with disabilities. Furthermore, the literature indicated that age, age at the time of injuries, educational levels, the status of health, employment and marriage, and social support were the correlates of the QOL in people

This study explores the reliability and validity of the Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (CDSES-SF) in Chinese high school students. One hundred and eighty-three high school students from a city in northeastern China participated in the study. The results indicate that scores on the CDSES-SF are reliable (internal consistency reliability = .93) with this sample of Chinese high school students. The convergent validity of the CDSES-SF is supported by a moderate correlation between the CDSES-SF and the general self-efficacy. A principal component factor analysis reveals that the CDSES-SF is a generalized measure of self-efficacy for career decision making. In addition, the CDSES-SF is not related to age, gender, and math achievement, but it is correlated with the Chinese language achievement. The implications of the findings are discussed in the context of the Chinese socioeconomic environment.

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The factor structure of the MRAI-R in this sample of Chinese college students did not replicate the structure found in American adults. Although the SDIS subscale of the MRAI-R appeared to be a reliable instrument among the four subscales of the MRAI-R, the reliabilities of the INSE, PRRT and SUDB subscales were low. Continuing investigations of the utility of the MRAI-R in Chinese culture is needed. Attitude instruments based on Chinese culture may be developed.

The results of this study contribute to the understanding of dimensions of QOL for people with SCI in China. Although several domains of QOL identified in the present study were similar to those found in previous studies conducted elsewhere, several unique components of QOL, such as relationship with extended family and neighbours, government support, peace in the world and the nation, were identified by the participants. These components appeared to be related to the Chinese culture and socioeconomic system. Specific QOL measurements that address these unique components are needed when assessing QOL of this population.

Attitude toward mental illness has been an important research area in rehabilitation counseling for several decades (