No abstract
Polycarbonate is a transparent commercial engineering polymer used in many applications especially in mobile protector screen for its good properties. In the present paper, nano composite material composed of polycarbonate sheet and nano titanium dioxide particles was prepared. Three ratios of TiO 2 (0.01-0.03-0.05 g) were employed with polycarbonate by using pressing technique. Different mechanical, chemical, thermal and morphology tests were characterized as hardness, impact, FTIR, UV,XRD, DSC, tensile strength, contact angle and smoothness test. The results were shown that the hardness decreased in about 15% and the impact resistance increased in about 10% with TiO 2 level increasing. FTIR showed there were no new peaks appearing and that indicated physical interactions between the nano filler and the polycarbonate matrix, also transparency reduced in about 5%. UV showed the absorption of polycarbonate to radiation after added TiO 2 . DSC showed decreasing in the Tg level and increasing in the crystallinity of material after processing. Contact angle test showed that the wettability increased at first but retained decreasing with adding more TiO 2 to the surface. Surface roughness test and AFM test show decrease in smoothness with adding TiO 2 to polycarbonate sheet. Subject AreasMechanical Engineering
For water and sewer pipes, PVC is considered to be one of the best row materials. Due to its physical, chemical and industrial significant properties, PVC is commercially invited to be in the first position. Many other traditional raw materials; e.g. iron, concrete, polyethylene and vitrified clay (VC), are coming in second position. This work is conducted to study the tensile properties of two different types of PVC raw materials (named as gray and white) for water pipe manufacturing by implementing different test conditions. The samples were prepared by cutting off the pipe to an individual cross sectional size rings. Afterward, they were softened smoothly by heating the ring samples to obtain flat standard tensile test specimen. The influence of strain rate (crosshead speed), temperature and UV radiation on the tensile properties of PVC pipe’s row material were investigated. The selected experimental test temperatures are (28℃, 50℃ and 70℃), the selected crosshead speeds are (5, 50 and 100 mm/min) and the UV treatment exposure times are (168, 408, 744 and 1080) hours. The result shows that the gray PVC pipes have tensile strength greater than white PVC pipes. The yield stress and modulus of elasticity are directly proportion to strain rate and inversely proportion to the treatment temperature of both PVC samples. However, the fracture strain was increased with temperature and decreased with strain rate. UV treatment didn’t show a significant effect on the yield stress and modulus of elasticity. This is an indication of PVC long time stability
Rheological properties are very significant in determining processing performance. The increase of only a few percent of nanoparticles by weight will result in substantial improvement in rheological properties. This work focuses on studies of shear viscosity, shear stress and pressure at a shear rate range of (3-1500) s−1 and temperature of 170 °C. The flow properties of low-density polyethylene melt and nanocomposite experimentally studied in a single-bore capillary rheometer with a length-to-diameter ratio of (10:1) and numerically using POLYFLOW-Ansys version 15.0 software based on the power-law model. The experimental results show that the viscosity of nanocomposites decreased while the shear stress increased with the shear rate increase. The pressure drop decreases with the shear rate increases for all additional ratios. The experimental and numerical studies of polymer nanocomposites in a capillary die, the shear viscosity, shear stress and pressure behaviour numerically reveal good agreement with the corresponding experimental results.
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