II PALAVRAS-CHAVE-Educação Médica.-Avaliação.-Tutor.-Tutoria.-Percepção. RESUMO Entre as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, a Aprendizagem Baseada em

ABSTRACT. Acinetobacter sp isolates deserve special attention once they have emerged globally in healthcare institutions because they display numerous intrinsic and acquired drug-resistance mechanisms. This study assessed the antibiotic susceptibility profile, the presence of the genetic marker bla , and the clonal relationship among 34 nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter spp obtained at a hospital in southeastern Brazil. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis was performed by the standard disc-diffusion method. All isolates were found to be extensively resistant to several drugs, but sensitive to polymyxin B. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect the bla OXA-23 gene, which is associated with carbapenem resistance. The genetic profile and the clonal relationship among isolates were analyzed via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. The Acinetobacter spp were divided into four groups with 22 distinct genetic subgroups. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed the genetic diversity among isolates, which, despite having a heterogeneous profile, displayed 100% clonality among 56% (19/34) of them.

We characterized six drug-resistant nosocomial isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained in a hospital located in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, by determining their antibiotic sensitivity profiles, detecting the bla KPC genetic marker and examining their clonal relationships. All isolates were found to be extensively drug resistant. A PCR assay was used to confirm the identity of the isolates as K. pneumoniae and assess the bla KPC gene. All isolates tested positive for the bla KPC gene, which is related to carbapenem resistance. The genetic profiles and clonal relationships among the isolates were evaluated by ERIC-PCR. All the isolates were in a single group with two distinct subgroups. Analysis of the ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 18 (1): gmr18172 E.R. Lima et al. 2 genetic diversity among the isolates revealed that five of the six were clones, which suggests cross-transmission in this hospital environment. Five of the patients died from infection. We describe the first detection of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from a hospital in northern Minas Gerais state.

II PALAVRAS-CHAVE-Educação Médica.-Avaliação.-Tutor.-Tutoria.-Percepção. RESUMO Entre as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, a Aprendizagem Baseada em

Pigeon droppings carry microorganisms such as Candida spp., which have high genetic variability and are the most common opportunistic pathogens in humans. There is a need to establish fast, reliable and simple laboratory methods to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic yeast species in pigeon droppings, as they can be a source of contamination for humans. We examined yeasts isolated from domestic pigeon droppings through a proteomic approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI-TOF). We also examined genetic characteristics of the isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR and ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 19 (1): gmr18521 J. Santos et al. 2 enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences PCR methods. Five colonies isolated from domestic pigeon droppings collected at three different sampling locations on the roof of a Brazilian university building were identified as Candida krusei and Candida rugosa by MALDI-TOF. Phylogenetic studies using the two PCR-based molecular methods were able to differentiate the species C. krusei and C. rugosa into different groups. These genomic methods gave similar results and proved useful for genetic diversity analysis and interspecific differentiation of Candida isolates.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature describing male mammals' reproductive and sexual parameters exposed to the biocide TBT. Method: A formal computer-assisted search was performed independently by two authors using five online databases and keywords. A manual search of the reference list of the articles found for relevant original articles was also used. We initially identified potentially eligible publications related to the topic of interest through this procedure. The last systematic search resulted in adequate data on TBT toxicity in the mammalian male reproductive tract. Results: Decreases in testicular, epididymal, prostate and seminal vesicle weights were observed at higher TBT ranges. Decreases in serum testosterone levels were reported in some studies, with some histological changes in the surveyed tissues and decreased transcriptional expressions of steroidogenic enzymes. Notably, there were significant reductions in sperm count and motility and increased abnormalities. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise manner of TBT's deleterious mechanisms of action on the spermatogenesis process. Therefore, a comprehensive survey of TBT levels in food and water sources should also be conducted better to protect susceptible populations from potentially deleterious reproduction effects.

The antifungal therapy combined is used in clinical practice of several mycoses as it may increase the efficacy of the treatment. The use of natural products (phytochemicals) in combination with conventional antifungal drugs has been related to beneficial effects, mainly synergistic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combined use of eugenol / isoeugenol, compounds with recognized antimicrobial activity, in association with antifungal amphotericin B against strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. The combined antifungal effect were be determined from the Fraction Inhibitory Concentration index - checkerboard technique. The results obtained in this study showed that eugenol in combination with amphotericin B had antagonistic effect against the strains of C. neoformans, LM 615 and INCQS 40221 (FIC index 6.0 and 4.0), respectively. The combination of the isoeugenol and amphotericin B also showed antagonistic effects for both the LM 615 strain and INCQS 40221 (FIC index 6.0 and 5.0), respectively. This study contributed to the understanding of the antifungal effects of the association of phenylpropanoids (eugenol / isoeugenol) with amphotericin B. Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare the effects of the association of these phytochemicals with other conventional antifungal drugs used against C. neoformans.

a cárie dentária é um grande problema de saúde pública em muitos países. Algumas regiões do Brasil são mais afetadas como o Norte e o Nordeste. A atividade antibacteriana frente à Streptococcus mutans representa um alvo terapêutico interessante para o estudo e controle da cárie dentária, já que este micro-organismo é reconhecido como um importante agente causador da formação de placa dental e cárie dentária. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, frente à S. mutans, da polpa de frutos nativos da região Nordeste do Brasil: Spondias mombin L. (cajazeira), Spondias purpurea L (sirigueleira) e Spondias tuberosa (umbuzeiro). Metodologia: as frações clorofórmica, hexânica, acetato de etila e Aquosa de polpas de fruta integral dessas espécies foram obtidas através do processo de partição líquido-líquido. Realizou-se teste de difusão em ágar, caracterizando os extratos quanto ao seu potencial antimicrobiano frente à S. mutans, elegendo-se o de maior atividade para realização da concentração inibitória mínima - CIM. Resultados: as frações hexânica, acetato de etila e clorofórmica de cajá apresentaram expressiva atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. mutans nos ensaios de disco-difusão, sendo eleita para o teste de CIM. O teste revelou atividade inibitória de 0,01 mg/mL, 0,78 mg/mL e 0,02 mg/mL para as frações hexânica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila, respectivamente. Conclusão: conclui-se que as frações hexânica, clorofórmica e acetato de etila de cajá apresentaram interessante efeito antimicrobiano, principalmente as frações mais apolares, e, merecem estudos mais aprofundados quanto a sua atividade biológica.