Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. belongs to the family Polygonaceae. In Brazil, the plant is known as "Pajéu". The plant has a traditional use in folk medicine for the treatment of some human diseases. In this study, it was realized for first time, the extraction and characterization by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the fixed oils from the leaves and seeds of T. gardneriana collected at different times and it was evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The esters were identified by comparing the mass spectra obtained with those of the equipment database. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and co-oxidation of β-carotene against linoleic acid. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the microdilution broth method. In the fixed oil of the leaves were identified 22 compounds, totaling 61.53%. Methyl palmitate (15.14%) and methyl oleate (14.35%) were the majoritary compounds. For the sample of the seeds fixed oil, 13 compounds were identified, representing 97.81%. Among these, 10-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (45.53%) was identified as majoritary constituent. The oils do not show antioxidant activity, but showed moderate antibacterial activity. The fatty acid composition of the fixed oils showed differences, noting a greater variety of constituents in the leaf oil. The presence of these compounds in the studied plant is important phytochemically because it contributes to the chemical and pharmacological knowledge of this specie.
Morus nigra L. is a species popularly known in the Northeast of Brazil as “amora miúra”. This species is a source of flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Antioxidants play an important role in the preservation of cosmetic formulations, and they neutralize free radicals. The objective of this study was to develop a topical emulsion containing leaf extract of Morus nigra L., as well as to evaluate the stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the formulations. A crude hydroalcoholic (70%) extract of M. nigra leaves (MnCE) was submitted to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis and incorporated into an anionic base emulsion. Antioxidant activity was evaluated according to the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and the stability of the formulation was assessed for 90 days, submitting the emulsion to storage at 4, 20, and 37 °C. Microdilution techniques evaluated the antibacterial activity and a challenge test assessed the microbiological stability. Analysis by HPLC–DAD identified the flavonoids rutin and isoquercetin in the M. nigra extract. The emulsion and plant extract presented antioxidant activity, and the stability of the emulsion was preserved in terms of pH value and viscosity—which did not show significant changes, except for the spreadability, which was affected by the temperature. The antioxidant activity did not change significantly, except for the sample under 4 °C, which showed a considerable decrease in activity. The crude hydroalcoholic extract and formulation showed antimicrobial activity and the emulsion was considered stable in terms of organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological properties.
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