Triplaris gardneriana belongs to the family Polygonaceae, known for producing a number of biologically important molecules. The present study was aimed at identifying and quantify its total flavonoid content and determining the antioxidant and photoprotective potential of the plant's leaves. The flavonoids present in the extract and fractions were analyzed using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and autoxidation of β-carotene. The absorbance of the extracts was measured at different concentrations between 260 to 400 nm wavelengths. Calculation of sun protection factor (SPF) was determined using the formula developed by Mansur. The total flavonoid content was determined by the method developed by Dewanto. In the study, the following four flavonols were identified: quercetinhexoside (2a), quercetin-pentoside (2b), quercetin-ramnobioside (2c) and myricetin-hexoside (2d). The crude ethanol extract, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions showed higher flavonoid content and also exhibited excellent antioxidant and photoprotective activity. The SPF values were best observed for the crude ethanol extract and for the chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. The good antioxidant and photoprotective potential can be attributed to the presence of flavonols identified for the first time in this species.
Triplaris gardneriana is used by traditional medicine. The objective of this work was the leaves chemical study with isolate, identify and quantify the chemical constituent, validate the analytical method and evalaute the antibacterial activity. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were subjected to column chromatography for isolation of the compounds quercetin and lupeol, respectively. For the identification, quantification of quercetin in the samples and validation of method were performed using HPLC-DAD. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method. The isolated phytochemicals are being reported for the first time in the species. The ethyl acetate fraction showed a higher content of quercetin with 9.967± 1.01 mg.g -1 . The method was validated. The samples showed good antibacterial activity. In this study, quercetin was isolated and quantified in the species being a great alternative as a producer of this secondary metabolite, which can be safely applied in the quality control analysis.
Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. belongs to the family Polygonaceae. In Brazil, the plant is known as "Pajéu". The plant has a traditional use in folk medicine for the treatment of some human diseases. In this study, it was realized for first time, the extraction and characterization by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the fixed oils from the leaves and seeds of T. gardneriana collected at different times and it was evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The esters were identified by comparing the mass spectra obtained with those of the equipment database. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods of radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and co-oxidation of β-carotene against linoleic acid. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the microdilution broth method. In the fixed oil of the leaves were identified 22 compounds, totaling 61.53%. Methyl palmitate (15.14%) and methyl oleate (14.35%) were the majoritary compounds. For the sample of the seeds fixed oil, 13 compounds were identified, representing 97.81%. Among these, 10-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (45.53%) was identified as majoritary constituent. The oils do not show antioxidant activity, but showed moderate antibacterial activity. The fatty acid composition of the fixed oils showed differences, noting a greater variety of constituents in the leaf oil. The presence of these compounds in the studied plant is important phytochemically because it contributes to the chemical and pharmacological knowledge of this specie.
RESUMOTriplaris gardneriana Wedd. (Polygonaceae) conhecida popularmente como "pajéu" é utilizada na medicina tradicional para tratar blenorragia, leucorreia, hemorroidas sangrentas, inflamação dos órgãos internos, dor, entre outros. Dessa forma, é de suma importância o estudo para avaliar seus parâmetros de qualidade, uma vez que é bastante utilizada pela população. Com isso, objetivou-se realizar uma caracterização farmacognóstica, térmica e morfológica das cascas e folhas da espécie. O material vegetal foi submetido aos ensaios de determinação da granulometria dos pós, da perda por dessecação, de cinzas totais, de cinzas insolúveis em ácido, do índice de espuma, de substâncias extraíveis por álcool de acordo com procedimentos descritos na Farmacopeia Brasileira. Como também uma análise térmica por termogravimetria (TG) e morfológica por Microscopia Eletrônica
Capítulo 1: Estratégias de reconhecimento social: O caso da comercialização de hortaliças orgânicas e convencionais em feiras nas metrópoles de Campinas (SP) e São Paulo (Capital), Brasil.
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