The anti-cancer drugs, particularly those used in reproductive period, may cause several complications such as ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The mechanism of action of cisplatin toxicity on the ovaries is not fully described. However, further production of free oxygen radicals and reduced production of antioxidants are thought to have an effect on the occurrence of cisplatin toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lycopene on cisplatin-induced ovarydamage, oxidative stres and histological changes in rats. Albino Wistar female rats were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (Group 1) received sunflower oil; animals in Group 2 received only cisplatin; one hour of lycopene pre-treatment was applied to the animals in Group 3 before administration of cisplatin. Cisplatin (5 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected as a single dose and lycopene (0.5 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage. Biochemical and histopathological methods were utilised for evaluation of the oxidative ovary-damage. There was an increase in the levels of malondialdehyde, while total glutathione, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase were decreased in Group 3, but it is observed that these ratios are reversed in the Group 1 and in the Group 2. Lycopene had protective effect against cisplatin-induced ovary-damaged.
Tularemia is a zoonotic infection caused by Francisella tularensis with a worldwide distribution and diverse clinical manifestations. Although F. tularensis has been recognized as a human pathogen for a century, there are few reports regarding the occurrence of tularemia in pregnant women and its effect on the fetus; only seven cases have been reported in the literature. In view of the sparse literature, it is not clear whether tularemia increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this paper we review tularemia infection during pregnancy, its complications and management. In addition, we present a case of tularemia that occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy and resulted in third-trimester intrauterine fetal death, highlighting the consequences of tularemia in pregnancy and the importance of early detection and treatment.
<b>Introduction</b> There is increasing evidence that vitamin D affects insulin and glucose metabolism, and a low vitamin D status is suspected to be a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and so polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is no evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between vitamin A, vitamin B<SUB>12</SUB>, vitamin C, folate, zinc (Zn) and PCOS in the literature. We aimed to investigate the levels of vitamins A, B<SUB>12</SUB>, C and D and zinc and the association between vitamins A, B<SUB>12</SUB>, C and D, folate and zinc level and hormonal-biochemical parameters in PCOS.<br /> <b>Material and methods: </b> We recruited 65 women with PCOS and 67 healthy individuals. Correlations between clinical and metabolic parameters and vitamins A, B<SUB>12</SUB>, C and D and zinc status were analyzed separately in patients and controls.<br /> <b>Results</b>: Women with PCOS showed a decreased serum level of vitamin A compared with the control group (p < 0.05), but they showed no differences in the levels of vitamin D, vitamin B<SUB>12</SUB>, vitamin C, folate or Zn (p > 0.05).<br /> <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study found no differences in the absolute levels of serum vitamins B<SUB>12</SUB>, C, D, folate or Zn between PCOS patients and matched controls, but the vitamin A level was lower in PCOS patients. Prevalence of vitamins A, B<SUB>12</SUB>, C and D and Zn insufficiency was equally common among both patients and controls.
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used folic acid antagonist for the treatment of neoplasia and some autoimmune diseases. Resveratrol has important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on MTX-induced ovary-damage and oxidative stress in rats. We hypothesized that supplement of resveratrol could counteract MTX-induced cytotoxicity in rat ovary. Albino Wistar female rats were randomly divided into three groups: Healthy control (HC), resveratrol + methotrexate (RMTX) and methotrexate (MTX) group. Their ovaries were removed. Biochemical and histopathological methods were utilized for evaluation of the oxidative ovary-damage. MDA was found to be higher but tGSH and SOD were lower in the ovarian tissue of the rat group administered MTX, but it is observed that these ratios are reversed in HC and in RMTX groups. MTX treatment induced ovary damage and especially pre-treatment with resveratrol provided protective effect against this MTXinduced ovary-damaged.
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