The measurement of miR-22-3p, miR-642b-3p and miR-885-5p may prove to have clinical utility in diagnosis of PC. Those miRNAs are ideal early biomarkers for PC diagnosis. So, they can effectively be used with serum CA19-9 for PC screening in early tumor stage.
The present study was designated to assess oxidative damage and its effect on germ cell apoptosis in testes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The role of antioxidant supplementation with a mixture of vitamins E and C and alpha lipoic acid for protection against such damage was also evaluated. Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I, control, non-diabetic rats; group II, STZ-induced, untreated diabetic rats; group III, STZ-induced diabetic rats supplemented with a mixture of vitamins E and C and alpha lipoic acid. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1C)), glucose, and insulin levels were estimated in blood samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and caspase-3 in addition to testosterone (T) level were all determined in testicular tissues. Histopathological studies using H&E stain, as well as, immunohistochemical detection of apoptosis using (TUNEL) method were also performed. Blood glucose and HbA(1c) were significantly increased while insulin was significantly decreased in STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared with controls. In rat testicular tissues, MDA, and caspase-3 activity were significantly elevated while SOD and GPx enzymatic activities as well as T level were significantly decreased in diabetic rats as compared with control group. Antioxidant supplementation to diabetic rats restored the testicular enzymatic activities of SOD and GPx to almost control levels, in addition, MDA and caspase-3 activity decrease while T increase significantly as compared with untreated diabetic group. Prominent reduction of germ cell apoptosis was found in diabetic rats supplemented with antioxidants. An important role of testicular oxidative damage and germ cell apoptosis in diabetes-induced infertility could be suggested, treatment with antioxidants has a protective effect by restoring SOD and GPx antioxidant enzymatic activity.
Diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) by using sensitive and specific biomarkers is necessary. Cell-free DNA is a candidate biomarker in various cancers. Contrasting, shorted uniformed DNA released from apoptotic non-diseased cells, DNA released from malignant cells varies in size. DNA integrity is a ratio between 247 and 115 bp. So, this study was designed to investigate the role of plasma ALU-247, ALU-115, and DNA integrity as possible diagnostic and prognostic markers in BC patients as compared to plasma CA15.3. The concentrations of selected parameters were determined for 40 patients with BC (2 stage I, 31 stage II, 2 stage III, and 5 stage IV) and 10 healthy volunteers by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. The sensitivities of ALU-247, ALU-115, and cfDI as biomarkers for BC were evaluated and compared with CA15.3. Also, disease-free survival and overall survival were estimated. For all parameters, the concentrations in patients were significantly higher than in the control group; association with tumor stage and high sensitivities was observed. The studied parameters failed to predict survival or relapse in BC patients before surgery. Plasma ALU-247, ALU-115, and DNA integrity may prove to have clinical utility in BC diagnosis. Elevated preoperative CA15.3 was shown to be directly related to tumor burden, which may improve its diagnostic capability. Those selected parameters could be effectively used together with plasma CA15.3 for BC screening at early stage. Furthermore, both ALU-247 and ALU-115 seem to be preoperative prognostic markers for BC.
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