Croton urucurana treatment caused maternal toxicity, which contributed for impairment embryo fetal development. These results showed that the indiscriminate use of plants during pregnancy should be avoided to prevent potential risk on maternal health as well as their offspring.
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by insulin-deficient production leading to hyperglycemia, which is associated with diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants have been proving a good alternative to diabetic complications, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) having antioxidant characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NAC on the lipid profile and the atherogenic index (AI) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Method 32 male Wistar rats (60 days of age) weighting ±250 g were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 8): CTRL: control rats; CTRL+NAC: control rats treated with NAC; DM: diabetic rats; DM+NAC: diabetic rats treated with NAC. T1DM was induced using STZ (60 mg/kg, ip; single dose), and NAC (25 mg/kg/day) was administrated by gavage, for 37 days. The animals received chow and water ad libitum. After the experimental period, blood and cardiac tissue samples were collected to analyze energetic metabolism, lipid profile, and AI. Results NAC decreased (p < 0.01) glycemia, energy intake, carbohydrate, and protein consumption in diabetic rats (DM+NAC), when compared with DM, while the alimentary efficiency was improved (p < 0.01) in treated diabetic rats (DM+NAC). Diabetic rats treated with NAC decreased (p < 0.01) lipid profile and AI in diabetic rats (DM+NAC) when compared to DM. Conclusion NAC improves lipid profile and decreases AI in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Diabetes is one of the leading diseases worldwide and, thus, finding new therapeutic alternatives is essential. The development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a notable diabetic complication. Therefore, antioxidant therapy became a leading topic in the world of diabetes research. The objective of this present study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on serum biochemical parameters and oxidative stress parameters in hepatic tissue of the diabetic rats. Thirty-two animals were divided in 4 groups (n = 8): G1, normal rats; G2, normal rats + NAC; G3, diabetic rats; and G4, diabetic rats + NAC. Diabetes was induced in diabetic groups through streptozotocin. NAC administration was effective in improving hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, as well as reducing serum alanine-aminotransferase and urea, hepatic triglycerides accumulation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the diabetic liver, as well as improving the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. This effect was likely due to NAC's ability of restoring intracellular glutathione, an important compound for the antioxidant defense, as well as due to NAC's direct antioxidant properties. Thus, NAC administration was useful for reducing hepatic oxidative stress and decreased the deposit of triacylglycerols, minimizing diabetic hepatic damage, making it a promising therapeutic adjuvant in the future.
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se os parâmetros comportamentais, reprodutivos e de saúde podem diferir entre as porcas alojadas individualmente durante a gestação (Individual) ou alojadas em grupos entre os dias 3 a 5 (Grupo5) ou 38 a 42 (Grupo42) após a inseminação. Após a inseminação, 198 porcas de uma mesma granja comercial foram alocadas aleatoriamente em um dos três tratamentos, denominados sistema Individual, Grupo5 e Grupo42. Houve interação entre o sistema de alojamento e o tempo de gestação sobre os parâmetros comportamentais. A prevalência de porcas com comportamento ativo foi maior no sistema Individual do que nos sistemas em grupos. As porcas no sistema Individual apresentaram maior prevalência de comportamento exploratório do que as porcas no sistema Grupo5. As porcas no sistema Individual apresentaram menor prevalência de problemas de saúde, como vulva e lesões corporais e esterco no corpo, e maior prevalência de prolapso retal e constipação do que as porcas nos sistemas de grupos. As porcas no sistema Grupo42 apresentaram maior número de leitões nascidos vivos, total de leitões nascidos e menor período de gestação do que as porcas no sistema Individual. Menor número de fetos mumificados e maior número de natimortos e natimortos tipo 2 foram associados a porcas no sistema Grupo5. As porcas no sistema Grupo5 apresentaram redução de problemas de saúde, como prolapso retal e bursite e inflamação de pele, além de resfriados, e diminuíram o nível de estresse pois apresentaram maior expressão de comportamento social positivo e diminuição de comportamentos estereotipados, além de manterem os parâmetros reprodutivos semelhantes àquelas do sistema Individual.
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