This work describes the removal of three pharmaceuticals, namely ceftriaxone sodium (CFX), diclofenac sodium (DCF) and atenolol (ATN) from water using magnetic poly (styrene-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid) (St-AMPS) adsorbent. This adsorbent was characterized by several techniques such as FTIR, TEM, TGA, VSM and DLS. Three kinetic models, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-secondorder and intra-particle diffusion models were used to study the adsorption kinetics.The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of pharmaceuticals onto magnetic poly (St-AMPS) adsorbent followed the pseudo-second-order model and were relatively rapid. In addition, it was found that the intra-particle diffusion was not the sole rate-controlling step and the adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto adsorbent occurred via two steps adsorption process. The experimental data were fitted with three isotherm models including Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R). It was found that the adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto magnetic poly (St-AMPS) nanoparticles was the best described by the Langmuir model. Maximum adsorption capacities of 150.602, 47.824 and 119.904 mg/g were obtained for DCF, ATN and CFX, respectively. Also the obtained free energy from D-R isotherm (6.19, 4.93 and 6.45 kJ/mol for DCF, ATN and CFX respectively) indicated that the adsorption process was a physiosorption. Magnetic poly (St-AMPS) adsorbent could be recycled for removal of CFX, DCF and ATN by alkaline aqueous solution (pH 8). Therefore, this adsorbent can act as a promising adsorbent for water treatment processes.
K E Y W O R D Sadsorption, magnetic separation, pharmaceutical, poly (styrene-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid), regeneration
Sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous magnetite nanoparticles as an efficient, heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of aminonaphtols and β-amino carbonyls. Advantages: good yields, rapid reaction, solvent-free conditions and room temperature.
Olanzapine is one of the most widely used antipsychotic drugs, which acts as an antagonist for multiple neurotransmitter receptor sites. 2-Methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno [2,3-b][1,5] benzodiazepine (Olanzapine) labeled with carbon-14 in the four positions has been synthesized as part of a three-step sequence from 2-amino-5-methylthiophene-3-carbonitrile-[carbonitrile-(14) C].
The phenylazo moiety and its donor‐ and acceptor‐substituted derivatives are studied as effective auxochromes to improve their sensitivity and resolution for distinguishing between the spiro (SP; OFF) and mero (ON) forms in molecular photoswitching applications. Thus, 13 azospiropyran derivatives were synthesized and their spectroscopic and photokinetic behaviors were studied. The quality of photochromic reactions of the synthesized photochromic compounds were compared using a dose–response model. Interestingly, by replacing the nitro group in 6‐nitrospiropyran (ε = 0.42 × 104 M−1 cm−1) with a simple phenylazo moiety, the SP form is still colorless and the color intensity of the merocyanine (MC) form is improved desirably by extending the conjugation length (1a, ε = 1.35 × 104 M−1 cm−1). The presence of a hydrophilic OH group or a CH3
group at the para position of phenylazo moiety revealed more or less the same photochromic properties as 1a. The OCH3
group substituted at position 6 of the phenylazo moiety at the para position of the azobenzene moiety effectively increased the photochromic properties with the maximum k‐value for SP to MC switching. Meanwhile, Cl, Br, COOH, and NO2
groups at the para position of the azobenzene moiety revealed the reduction in photochromic properties compared to 1a.
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