Due to continuously increasing population, industrialization, and environmental pollution, lead to generating high energy demand which suitable for our environment. Biodiesel is an alternative renewable fuel source. According to the feedstock of production, biodiesel has been categorized into four generations. The main disadvantage of the first and second generation is the raw material processing cost that the challenge for its industrial-level production. Oleaginous bacteria that contain more than 20% lipid of their cellular biomass can be a good alternative and sustainable feedstock. Oleaginous bacteria used as feedstock have numerous advantages, such as their high growth rate, being easy to cultivate, utilizing various substrates for growth, genetic or metabolic modifications possible. In addition, some species of bacteria are capable of carbon dioxide sequestration. Therefore, oleaginous bacteria can be a significant resource for the upcoming generation’s biodiesel production. This review discusses the biochemistry of lipid accumulation, screening techniques, and lipid accumulation factors of oleaginous bacteria, in addition to the overall general biodiesel production process. This review also highlights the biotechnological approach for oleaginous bacteria strain improvement that can be future used for biodiesel production and the advantages of using general biodiesel in place of conventional fuel, along with the discussion about global policies and the prospect that promotes biodiesel production from oleaginous bacteria.
Graphical Abstract
A B S T R A C T Gloriosa superba L. is an herbaceous climber distributed in tropical parts of the world. Pharmaceutically important alkaloid-colchicine, present in its tubers and seeds and due to overexploitation it becomes vulnerable in the forests. In the present investigation, in vitro tuber production was carried out for its propagation and conservation. The plant possesses a very strong apical dominance. Consequently, any damage to the plant apical meristem is fatal for it which was also exhibited during in vitro culture. Only apical meristems were able to produce a single and un-branched shoots and nodal explants were remained dormant even in the presence of exogenous cytokinin. The in vitro propagation was accomplished by the microtuber formation technique, in two steps. Maximum number of microtubers 9.8±0.8 per culture in eight weeks, were produced in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium with sucrose (60 g LG 1 ) and in the presence of 35.5 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) with citric acid and polyvinyl pyrrolidone-40. Subsequently the induced microtubers were sub-cultured on to the medium with lower cytokinin level, 8.88 µM BA. The individual microtubers with shoots were subjected to a single step rooting and in vitro acclimatization in coco-pit containing vessels, exhibited 90% survival. In vitro grown tubers contained less percentage of colchicine than the natural field-grown plant tubers. However, microtubers showed increased colchicine content, as they grow older.
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