Objective
A wide variety of mouth rinses are available to combat micro‐organisms in the oral cavity. At the present global pandemic, the need of the hour is to control the viral infection due to the novel corona virus SARS‐COV‐2, as its port of entry is through the receptors located in the oral and pharyngeal mucosa. This systematic literature review focuses on the
in vivo
studies [randomized control trials (RCTs)] done on the efficacy of existing mouth rinses which have been used in reducing the viral loads.
Methods
The electronic database which includes PubMed‐MEDLINE, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ProQuest and CINAHL was searched from December 2019 to June 2021 with appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Boolean operators. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts.
Results
Of the 2438 retrieved titles, 905 remained after removing duplicates. Twelve articles were eligible to be included in this review of which seven were randomized with adequate sample size.
Conclusions
Mouth washes containing povidone iodine and chlorhexidine decrease the viral load transiently. Large amount of
in vivo
studies are of paramount importance, especially RCTs, to prove the efficacy of these mouth rinses.
Aim:
The present study was aimed to investigate the functional relationship between the mixing temperature and properties of a commercially available zinc oxide eugenol impression paste (ZnOE paste).
Settings and Design:
In-vitro
study.
Materials and Methods:
A custom-made simulated mixing device was indigenously designed to maintain different mixing temperatures, simulating cold, ambient, and hot weather. A commercially available ZnOE paste was mixed according to the manufacturer's instructions in the simulated mixing device at the temperatures ranging from 10°C to 50°C. Initial setting time and consistency were measured according to A. D. A. Specification No. 16 (
n
= 8). A stainless-steel die having 25, 50, and 75 μm lines was used for surface detail reproduction. Detail reproduction of the stone casts of the impressions was evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 30 magnification (
n
= 8). The shear bond strength of ZnOE paste to self-cure acrylic tray resin was measured by using the UTM at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (
n
= 8).
Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests at a confidence interval of 95% (alpha =0.05)
Results:
Initial setting time, consistency, and detail reproduction of the ZnOE paste were affected by the mixing temperature (
P
< 0.001). Mixing ZnOE paste at a lower temperature of 10°C and higher temperatures of 40°C and 50°C resulted in shorter initial setting time, thicker consistency, and poor detail reproduction. However, no significant difference was obtained in the shear bond strength among the different mixing temperatures evaluated (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Based on this
in vitro
study, it is advisable to perform the manipulation of ZnOE paste at a clinical/laboratory temperature of 30°C for optimum performance. The simulated mixing device used in this study can be an alternative for extreme climatic conditions.
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