BackgroundPregnancy as one of the critical stages of life carries a high risk to the health of pregnant women. The amount of weight gained during pregnancy can affect the woman and her infant health immediately or in the future. The present study is conducted to design and explore the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on health belief model (HBM) to preventing excessive gestational weight gain (GWG).MethodsThis research-based planning is designed in three phases and will be conducted on pregnant women in first trimester. In the first phase of this randomized controlled trial study, body mass index (BMI), the level of knowledge and the level of the HBM constructs will be measured using a questionnaire. The HBM questionnaire is designed based on a literature review and experts opinions. In the next phase the educational program content will be designed based on the results of the first phase of the study on the level of women’s knowledge, and HBM constructs as well as a literature review and experts opinions. The intervention will be designed in four training sessions about the importance of behaviors, especially physical activity and nutrition, in the prevention of excessive weight gain during pregnancy. The tired phase includes the implementation of educational intervention with two intervention and control groups. The efficacy of the program will be evaluated by measuring the level of the knowledge, HBM constructs and women’s weight gain during pregnancy in the second and third trimesters. Appreciate weight gain will be considered according to the BMI in first trimester.DiscussionThe present study will provide strong information regarding the effetiness of the HBM and appropriate framework to develop educational interventions together with enhancing pregnant women’s knowledge and belief toward weight management behaviors.Trial registrationRegistration of this randomized control trial has been completed with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20180703040325N1. Date of registration: 2018-08-20.
PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of amblyopia in the population of Iran.MethodsThis article is a systematic review. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Web of Science, SID, Magiran, with appropriate terms. Information related to the sample size and the prevalence of amblyopia was extracted and summarized in tables. Analysis was performed using STATA software.ResultsFrom 551 articles that were originally extracted from the databases, 31 articles met the criteria for entering the review. These studies were conducted in different regions of Iran. The prevalence of amblyopia in different regions varied between 0.19 and 3.69%. Study results were heterogeneous (I2 = 99.7%), and therefore, a meta-analysis was not done.ConclusionsThe prevalence of amblyopia in Iran is very different. In addition to conducting national screenings, it is necessary to report the incidence of amblyopia and its related factors in different parts of the country.
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