Composites material were developed to acquire the desired material properties for biomedical applications in the recovery of defect bone by using Mg-doped HA/SA. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major constituent and essential component in bone and teeth. The stability of Mg doped HA/SA is influenced by starting precursor powders, preparation condition and method of preparing the samples for implant materials. The precipitation method was employed to prepare Mg-doped HA/SA powders by varying the composition of Mg at temperature 1300 C. The influence of Mg-doped HA/SA on phase composition, chemical structure and a functional group at various weight percentages (0.5wt%-1.5wt %) were accomplished through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Based on the XRD and FTIR analyses, there is the presence of different peaks intensity and adsorption bands which indicates the shifted of peaks due to the doping process and a chemical interaction were observed between the inorganic and organic phase. Furthermore, the transformation of β-TCP due to increase in sintering temperatures are caused by the presence of magnesium ions. The OH stretching bands of HA/SA are trace by FTIR that identified the decomposition of Mg-doped HA/SA.
Crash box designs have been developed in order to obtain the optimum crashworthiness performance. Circular cross section is first investigated with one segment design, it rather influenced by its length which is being sensitive to the buckling occurrence. In this study, the crash box with multi-segments design is investigated and the deformation behavior and crash energy absorption are observed. The crash box modelling is performed by finite element analysis on cylindrical crash box with multi segments design. The numbers of crash box segments used in this investigation are two segments, three segments with a sequence diameter and three segments with alternating diameter. The crash test components were impactor, crash box, and fixed rigid base. Impactor and the fixed base material are modelled as a rigid, and crash box material as bilinear isotropic hardening. Crash box length of 100 mm and frontal crash velocity of 16 km/jam are selected. Crash box material of Aluminum Alloy is used. Based on simulation results, it can be shown that three segments crash box with alternating diameter design has the largest crash energy absorption. From deformation pattern has showed that three segments crash box absorbs low energy at the beginning of crashing. Energy absorption start increased at the boundary area of the first, second and three segments as a result of increasing inertia where critical load has increased hence buckling phenomenon could be minimized.
The CO2 content in biogas is an impurity, so it needs to be reduced. One way to reduce the levels of CO2 in biogas is by purification with tile-zeolite adsorbents. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of tile - zeolite as an adsorbent in the purification process to reduce CO2 levels using a 23 factorial design. The use of tile powder adsorbents (25% and 75%) - Zeolite (75% and 25%), biogas flow rates of 1 and 6 liters/minute, which were investigated at intervals of 5 and 20 minutes, to collect CO2 content data. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) is used to test the adsorption gas content. The results are shown by the Pareto curve resulting from biogas purification of CO2 levels, each of which has a magnitude of response to CO2 levels. Increased levels of tile-zeolite as an adsorbent and the rate of biogas flow in the purification process had an effect of reducing CO2 levels by 44.214%. Conversely, an increase in tile-zeolite levels as an adsorbent increases CO2 levels in the biogas purification process. Natural tile is a porous material that can adsorb and has ions that can be exchanged with ions from the outside.
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