Political print advertisements as an integral part of political propaganda contribute to creating a positive image of a politician or political party aiming to win popular votes. The effective combination of verbal and non-verbal (pictorial) components presupposes a purposeful influence on the electorate by means of activating existing socio-cultural schemas among voters. This study aims to analyze the generic structural potential of political print advertisements in Ukraine and to interpret the symbolic representation of the verbal and non-verbal levels of political advertisements. The data, encompassing 25 leaflets, was collected in 2020 during the local election campaign in Chernivtsi, Ukraine. The analysis has been conducted on two levels: literal and interpretative. Following the principles of Generic Structure Potential of advertisements (Cheong, 2004) we have outlined the GSP of print political advertisements in Ukraine. Thus, non-verbal (visual) components incorporate the lead (Locus of Attention (LoA) and Complement to the Locus of Attention (Comp.LoA) emblem, pictogram, verbal (linguistic) components involve Announcement (Opening), Enhancer, Slogan, and Call-and-visit Information. The next level of the analysis presupposed the interpretation of the obtained results. In accordance with this, the symbolic representation of the verbal level of political advertisements, incorporating patriotic, social, economic, and political slogans has been revealed. In terms of the symbolic representation of the non-verbal level of political advertisements, we observe the following in the analyzed material: the photo of the candidate, appearance, pictograms, and additional pictorial elements. The results indicate that the displays of the analyzed material are often congruent and explicit. Cases of incongruent and implicit displays have been observed as well. Such advertisements boost viewers’ curiosity as they contain less verbal information. The results of the election show that the candidates whose advertisements incorporated symbolism and greater non-verbal information, led among the popular votes.
This article addresses the notion of a cultural concept with reference to the British culture. It focuses in particular on the concept typology, with the assumption that a discussion of concept types and their meanings (as notional components in the concept structure) can enhance the understanding and appreciation of conceptual and associative meaning to reveal the concept’s cultural elements (markers). The discussion takes its general conceptual orientation from the approach that considers a concept as a verbalized mental entity whereby the unit of analysis is the sentence embracing lexical units that stand for a cultural concept. This is a functional view of the concept’s verbal embodiment, the tenets of which are contained in cognitive grammar. From a broader perspective, the article distinguishes the concept’s content through the associative use of a lexical concept with the collocated lexemes (nouns, verbs and adjectives) in a sentence, then proceeds to deal with the concept GENTLEMANLINESS and its cultural markers in the British novels of the 18th – 20th centuries. Ultimately, the linguo-statistical method of associative analysis finds in texts of fiction ten cultural associative markers of the concept in the 18th century: nobility of birth, wealth, professional or business activities, appearance, emotions, surrounding of a gentleman, time, leisure and entertainment, symbols of gentlemanliness, traveling; seven associative markers of the concept are found in the novels of the 19th century: noble origin and social status, well-being, professional or business activities, appearance, emotions, surrounding of a gentleman, time; six cultural markers of GENTLEMANLINESS are distinguished in the 20th century novels: high social ranking, being self-organized, occupation, appearance, traits of character, surrounding of a gentleman. From the discussion, conclusions about the involution of the concept of GENTLEMANLINESS are drawn.
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