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The antibacterial activity of aqueous and 95% ethanol extracts of nettle leaf were tested against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients by the agar well diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Bacillus Subtillus, Proteus spp. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were used. The results indicate that both extracts showed different antibacterial activities which was in favor of ethanolic extract because of more solubility of active ingredient in ethanol than in water. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus Subtillus and Salmonella spp. showed the highest susceptibility to nettle extracts antibacterial effect, while E coli, Pseudomonas and Proteus were less susceptible. The only clear resistant bacteria isolate was Klebsiella spp.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of orally administered fenugreek on some biochemical parameters in diabetic male rabbits experimentally induced by intra peritoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate 75 mg/kg. Twenty five male local breed rabbits were divided into 5 equal groups; G1 normal control group, G2 diabetic non-herb treated, G3 normal rabbit treated with the herb. While, each of G4 and G5 were diabetic rabbits treated with 2 and 3g/day single oral dose of fenugreek for 30 consecutive days respectively. Blood sample were taken at zero day, 2 weeks and 4 weeks for estimation of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, and AST. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed in order to prepare liver tissue homogenate to calculate the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) to explore the role of fenugreek as antioxidant herb. Results were revealed an increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT, AST, and MDA level and reduced glutathione level in G2. While, oral administration of fenugreek showed a significant reduction in total lipids and serum sugar in diabetic rabbits and have no any adverse effect on the main parameters of the body, the herb play a great role as antioxidant factor as indicated by increasing GSH level and reduce MDA level.

This study consists of two experiments conducted to explore a toxicological comparison between tobramycin sulphate and amikacin sulphate, and to explore the role of calcium gluconate in antagonizing or reducing the main toxic side effects of tobramycin and amikacin like nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade.The first experiment was designed to study and measure the acute toxicity of these drugs by using the Up and Down method, which showed that the value of intravenous LD50 of both drugs increased almost twice as much from 154.8 to 294.8 mg/kg for tobramycin and from 437.1 to 737.1 mg/kg for amikacin after the pretreatment with calcium gluconate.The second experiment was performed on rabbits injected with selected toxic dose considered as LD50 of tobramycin and amikacin given by intravenous IV route for the observation of the neurotoxicity signs and recording their appearance time, until the observation of certain definite neurotoxic signs such as loss of righting reflex. At that time, calcium gluconate was given by slow intravenous infusion (over 5-10 minutes) at a high range of therapeutic dose 45mg/kg and the time of disappearance of neuromuscular blockade signs with the number of life and dead animal were recorded for each treatment.The results of this experiment showed that although tobramycin was more potent in inducing neurotoxic effects according to the dose used but amikacin is seems to be more efficacious in developing neurotoxic signs response according to it is short appearance and disappearance time of toxic signs after amikacin and calcium treatment, in comparison with that of tobramycin and calcium treatment.