We demonstrated the relation of formation of an acidic pH as well as underlying mechanisms in the induction of a fully hydrated SC over the first weeks of human life as a dynamic functional adaptation.

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Our study is the first attempt at semiquantitative evaluation of the micromorphology maturation of the epidermal surface at the ultrastructural level. The E.M.I. score and the associated pattern of corneodesmosome breakdown may be used as markers of the stratum corneum maturation.

SummaryBackgroundConsensus guidelines advocate general skincare for rosacea patients.ObjectivesTwo independent studies were performed to assess whether a tinted daily SPF‐30 facial moisturizer (DFM30) improves barrier function of dry skin and the efficacy and tolerability of DFM30 on rosacea‐prone skin.MethodsIn study 1, electrical capacitance (EC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a single application of DFM30 and on a control site in 21 healthy females with dry skin. Study 2 evaluated 33 females with mild to moderate rosacea and nontransient erythema. Efficacy and tolerability after once‐daily DFM30 were assessed using a chromameter, image analysis of photographs, and trained rater and patient evaluations up to day 22.ResultsIn study 1, EC showed statistically significant increases at 2, 4, and 8 hours, and TEWL showed statistically significant decreases 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after DFM30 application to healthy females compared to baseline. In study 2, covering skin redness improved significantly after DFM30 application on day 1; 33.3% showed improved covering skin redness compared to baseline. Patients reported significantly less redness on day 8 than day 3. Feelings of dryness and tightness/tension were lower 30 minutes after first application. Feeling of dryness was lower than baseline after 3 days, 1 and 3 weeks. Image analysis suggested redness was significantly lower on day 22 compared to baseline. Chromameter readings showed significantly lower erythema on the cheek compared to baseline. All patients stated that DFM30 relieves and neutralizes visible redness who also indicated that they would purchase DFM30, and the product was well tolerated.ConclusionsThese studies show that DFM30 is suitable as part of the skincare regimens advocated by ROSacea COnsensus (ROSCO) for rosacea patients. DFM30 is an effective moisturizer that improves cutaneous barrier function and the appearance of rosacea‐prone skin.

Taken together our data suggest that stresses like ageing, sun exposure and smoking might have an additive effect contributing to the overall heterogeneity and decrease of DNA repair capacities in human cells and so increase the danger of sun exposure for health. They also emphasize the importance of the quality of the biological samples when repair studies on skin cells are to be conducted.

Figure 1. Evolution of skin properties and correlations with age, BSA, and hydration. Skin biomechanical properties were assessed by cutometer in the seven indicated age groups (n ¼ 9 to 11 per group). (a) Ur/Uf: tonicity parameter representing biological elasticity. (b) Uv/Ue: ratio of viscoelasticity to elastic distension. (c) Ua: viscoelasticity parameter representing the complete relaxation amplitude after pressure is released. (d) Uf: total deformation parameter representing the maximum amplitude and passive behavior of the skin to force. (e) Correlations between skin biomechanical parameters and age, calculated BSA, and stratum corneum hydration were calculated using Spearman's test. BSA, body surface area; r, Spearman's correlation constant. Significant correlations (P < 0.01) are indicated in bold. JW Fluhr et al.

Background/objectiveRosacea-prone sensitive skin requires high sun-protection factor (SPF) moisturizers. This study evaluated Daylong Extreme SPF 50+ lotion, a novel cream containing five ultraviolet filters, two emollients, and three skin conditioners.Subjects and methodsThis was an open-label, single-center study. On day 1, before treatment, subjects answered a questionnaire on their skin conditions and sunscreen habits, and both subjects and dermatologist evaluated skin status. Subjects applied the product once daily in the morning to the face for 21 days, and after approximately 3–5 minutes they assessed tolerability and short-term cosmetic acceptability in a questionnaire and daily diary. On day 22, the dermatologist and subjects evaluated skin status for long-term tolerance and cosmetic acceptability.ResultsThe study enrolled 44 individuals (mean age 58.8 years, 91% female). At baseline, most subjects (39 of 44) showed erythema, and ~30% showed dryness and scaling. Dermatologists noted four cases of pustules and one case of papules. After 21 days’ treatment with the product, the dermatologist reported significantly less erythema, dryness and scaling, three cases of pustules and two cases of papules. At baseline, ~75% of subjects noted a feeling of dryness, >50% reported tension, and nearly 25% reported tickling. After using the product for 21 days, subjects reported significantly less tension, dryness, and tickling. Some subjects noted itching and burning before and after using the product. One subject noted papules during treatment. Most subjects said that the product was pleasant, did not irritate the skin or cause stinging/burning, was easy to apply, quickly absorbed, and nongreasy, improved skin moisturization, helped prevent sun-provoked facial redness, did not worsen rosacea, and was easily incorporated into their skincare regimen. Half would switch to the product, and 80% of subjects would buy and recommend the product.ConclusionThe product was well tolerated in rosacea-prone subjects, producing objective and subjective improvements in skin status and symptoms.

IntroductionAlthough rosacea management includes general skincare, previous studies have not evaluated comprehensive skincare regimens as adjuvants to other treatments.MethodsThe primary objective of this open-label, intra-individual study of subjects with rosacea was to evaluate the cutaneous tolerability of a regimen consisting of Cetaphil PRO Redness Control Day Moisturizing Cream (once daily in the morning), Cetaphil PRO Redness Control Night Repair Cream (once daily in the evening) and Cetaphil PRO Redness Control Facial Wash (foam once in the morning and once in the evening). Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and cutaneous hydration and to determine the subjects’ evaluation of efficacy, tolerability and future use. A dermatologist examined subjects and measured TEWL and cutaneous hydration on day (D) 0, D7 and D21, when subjects ranked symptoms. Subjects completed a questionnaire on D21.ResultsThe per-protocol population consisted of 42 subjects receiving treatment for rosacea. Eleven subjects developed adverse events, none of which were considered to be related to the skincare products. Five subjects showed signs or symptoms that were potentially associated with the skincare products that might suggest poor cutaneous tolerability; these were generally mild. TEWL decreased significantly by a mean of 17% on D7 and a mean of 28% on D21 compared with baseline (both P < 0.001). Skin hydration increased significantly by a mean of 5% on D7 (P = 0.008) and a mean of 10% on D21 (P < 0.001) compared with baseline. Subjects reported that the regimen was pleasant (98%) and effective (95%) and that it offered various benefits; 90% of subjects reported that they would like to continue to use the regimen and would buy the products.ConclusionThe skincare regimen improved skin hydration and skin barrier function in subjects receiving medical treatment for rosacea and was well tolerated.FundingGalderma S.A.