Atmospheric plasma treatment is an effective and economical surface treatment technique. The main advantage of this technique is that the bulk properties of the material remain unchanged while the surface properties and biocompatibility are enhanced. Polymers are used in many biomedical applications; such as implants, because of their variable bulk properties. On the other hand, their surface properties are inadequate which demands certain surface treatments including atmospheric pressure plasma treatment. In biomedical applications, surface treatment is important to promote good cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth. This article aim is to give an overview of different atmospheric pressure plasma treatments of polymer surface, and their influence on cell-material interaction with different cell lines.

Glycine (Gly), which is the simplest amino acid, induces the inflammation response and enhances bone mass density, and particularly its β polymorph has superior mechanical and piezoelectric properties. Therefore, electrospinning of Gly with any polymer, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), has a great potential in biomedical applications, such as guided bone regeneration (GBR) application. However, their application is limited due to a fast degradation rate and undesirable mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, encapsulation of Gly and PVA fiber within a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) shell provides a slower degradation rate and improves the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. A membrane intended for GBR application is a barrier membrane used to guide alveolar bone regeneration by preventing fast-proliferating cells from growing into the bone defect site. In the present work, a core/shell nanofibrous membrane, composed of PCL as shell and PVA:Gly as core, was developed utilizing the coaxial electrospinning technique and characterized morphologically, mechanically, physically, chemically, and thermally. Moreover, the characterization results of the core/shell membrane were compared to monolithic electrospun PCL, PVA, and PVA:Gly fibrous membranes. The results showed that the core-shell membrane appears to be a good candidate for GBR application with a nano-scale fiber of 412 ± 82 nm and microscale pore size of 6.803 ± 0.035 μm. Moreover, the wettability of 47.4 ± 2.2° contact angle (C.A) and mechanical properties of 135 ± 3.05 MPa average modulus of elasticity, 4.57 ± 0.04 MPa average ultimate tensile stress (UTS), and 39.43% ± 0.58% average elongation at break are desirable and suitable for GBR application. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results exhibited the formation of β-Gly.

The optical properties of TiO2/C in the district from (200-2000 nm) were examined by setting up the composites with wt. % concentration. The optical information evaluated and translated regarding the hypothesis of phonon-assisted direct electronic change; it is watched that the energy is influenced by doping sort of mineral composite utilized. The doping manufactured powders were examined through data analysis to validate the presence of these elements. This investigation for the influence of TiO2 was an addition on the microstructure of the carbon and electrical behavior of the composite was detected, this doped was gotten in a dry place at ambient temperature and its effect was studied from the physical properties of the energy gap. The optical measurement of the specimen was measured as a component of wavelength (λ), absorptivity that exhibit good results to absorb the solar energy for selective surfaces.

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This is a second part of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis by co-precipitation method with various PH values. This study includes stabilizing iron oxide nanoparticles with dextran of molecular weight 10000 Da by aqueous route, then study its characteristics with AFM, FTIR and VSM also using the stabilized material as a contrast agent in T1-weighted image then compare the contrast enhancement with gadolinium based commercially available contrast agent (MagnevistTM). Ph values were (7,11,14), all samples were injected to mice bodies then imaged with MRI best result of T1 contrast enhancement was obtained from sample with Ph 14 compared with gadolinium-based T1 contrast agent with no toxic effects.

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The selection of appropriate monitoring processes is an important decision to be made. Monitoring of manufacturing processes plays a very important role to avoid down time of the machine, or prevent unwanted conditions such as chatter, excessive tool wear or breakage. Most monitoring systems developed up to date employ force, acoustic emission and vibration, or a combination of these and other techniques with a sensor integration strategy. In this work, the implementation of a monitoring system utilizing simultaneous vibration and strain measurements on the tool tip is investigated for the average flank wear of coated carbide tools which are used in finishing turning process, with cast iron shaft as a work-piece. Data from the manufacturing processes were recorded with one piezoelectric strain sensor and an accelerometer, each coupled to the data acquisition card. There are 24 features indicative of tool wear were extracted from the original signal. These include features from the time domain, frequency domains, time-series model coefficients and four packet features extracted from wavelet packet analysis. The (2 × 3) self organizing map (SOM) neural network was employed to identify the tool state as a result of the present work, the tool wear classified by applied two independent wear test as a training tests, and checked the results of the SOM by applied an independent test, finally we have an SOM model can classifying the tool wear with minimal error.