In Colombia, the most widely used means of transport today are motorcycles, which have become increasingly numerous, bearing in mind that they are subject to laws and regulations imposed by the country’s mobility, transit and transport agencies, the use of helmets is mandatory for drivers and passengers, safety measures are monitored, the hull must be certified and meet the required technical standards; whereas its role is to protect people in the event of accidents, regulations require that the helmet be completely closed to protect the entire head and chin; the design of the helmet allows air entry and there is no concentration of temperature inside, all this is done by implementing air inlet and outlet ducts, which circulate air when the motorcycle is in motion, unfortunately this does not happen due to the accumulation of temperature in the back of the helmet that makes the user feel tired and uncomfortable. This research proposes the development of a prototype portable cooling system for motorcycle helmets by the physical principle of heat transfer, by using Peltier cells, to have low production cost, optimal operation, and low energy consumption thanks to natural air flow.
This project focuses on climate and to be more specific in high temperatures evidenced in some departments of Colombia. At present, the most widely used means of transport are motorcycles which must be supervised under a legal rule, taking into account their safety; therefore, it is necessary to use a certified helmet that fulfils the function of protecting this individual; these helmets in addition to having a definite shape and structure where it surrounds the skull completely in the part of the head also allows the option of having the chin protected or discovered depending on the speed at which the motorcycle is already established factory. Helmets normally have a system that aims not to allow internal heating of this for the convenience of the user, it consists of holes that allow the air flow that occurs when the driver is in motion to be transported throughout the hull and thereby cool it down gradually when driving, however, it does not fully serve its purpose as the distribution is not uniform and there are locations in the hull where this heat is concentrated, thus presenting a high temperature within the hull that makes the driver uncomfortable, taking into account the place and climate in which it is located. This study proposes a portable cooling system for motorcycle helmet that allows whoever is the carrier a state of comfort when driving your vehicle making your helmet stay cool despite the weather and temperatures that have naturally on the site of circulation, All this with the implementation of peltier cells and the use of air flow at the time of driving.
Colombia manufactures metals such as iron and aluminum, which consume a lot of energy to carry out these processes. There are many techniques to recycle metals and other elements to reduce the amount of energy in manufacturing processes, since smelting is generated with already manufactured materials, as in the case of aluminum, which uses recycled products such as soft drinks and beer cans. In addition, there is another type of scrap metal, such as aluminum shavings generated by machining processes, with an amount that varies from a small percentage to 70-90% of the original part. This project seeks to transform the aluminum shavings through physical processes with the application of temperature in aluminum material to be used again. The process begins with the collection of chips from mechanical workshops, in this case, from the machine tool laboratories of the “Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña, Colombia”. Standard procedures will be carried out before the casting process by developing firing curves and phase diagrams of aluminum, where the research focuses on generating aluminum metal to be used again in the laboratories of the same university.
There are several techniques that are used to melt metal materials, among which we have conventional casting, by agitation, by compression and by molding. It is currently being studied in a technique based on electromagnetic radiation with the implementation of conventional microwave oven, thus improving the results in terms of time in the casting process; to carry out this electromagnetic casting process, a high-frequency wave-receiving medium is required to reach the melting temperature of the material on which it is being worked. In the case of aluminum, a working temperature of approximately 700 °C is required to achieve phase change of the material. This project produces a fine-grained silicon carbide-based crucible, taking into account that it is a semiconductor and refractory material capable of capturing electromagnetic waves, for the purpose of allowing the use of a microwave oven in the aluminum smelting process; presenting in this way a new casting technique that promises a significant saving in the execution time and saving the implementation process in recycling and reuse of aluminum and improving its physical and mechanical properties by means of irradiation casting electromagnetic.
At present, it is necessary to use various materials to manufacture parts used in different fields such as industry, food, automotive, aviation, etc. Depending on the purpose of the part is the manufacturing process and the materials used, the most widely used material is aluminum, for its mechanical properties and low strength/weight ratio, aluminum is one of the most demanded materials, you can find various manufacturing processes, by casting, molding, injection and machining, This last process is developed by separating materials in the form of fragments, so that the required parts can be created, the chips are completely discarded, causing environmental contamination. This research aims to recover aluminum chips produced in the metal processing workshop and machine tool laboratory of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Seccional Ocaña, Colombia, to create a metal sponge of aluminum that will also allow nano-reinforcement with carbon nanotubes under special conditions for the collection of petroleum or petroleum derivatives when environmental impacts occur on water sources, in this way, the use of aluminum chip will help protect the environment and the metal sponge will reduce the risk that oil and its derivatives will generate environmental impact reflected by the spill in water sources.
There are different types of traditional materials for insulation in different processes such as: clay, limestone, ceramic foams, among others, used mainly in furnaces and buildings, whose function is to reduce heat and acoustic noise transfer through the structure on which they are installed. Alternatives for insulation with reusable and organic materials are currently being sought. In this work, the physical property of the thermal conductivity of materials such as quartz, glass, bone, and coconut shells were analyzed in order to compare their thermal conductivity measured experimentally with respect to that reported theoretically, and determine if they are suitable for use in the market and also to have a foundation that allows subsequent processes to mix them, giving way to new insulating or refractory materials with better physical properties.
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