Background and Aim:Given the relatively high prevalence of systemic diseases, the importance of these diseases in patient management, treatment planning, and treatment outcomes, the controversy in the reported incidence rates, and changes in the frequency of diseases over time, we aimed to determine the prevalence of systemic diseases among the patients referring to the Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 2016-17. Materials and Methods: : The present research was carried out by studying the existing data. All records of patients who referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department during 2016-17 were extracted from the archives and evaluated for systemic diseases. The prevalence of systemic diseases in the subjects was estimated with 95% confidence interval. The role of related factors (age, gender, etc.) was statistically determined by Chi-square test. Results: Out of 6270 records, 2595 patients (41.4%) had systemic diseases and conditions; hypertensive diseases (8.42%), thyroid diseases (7.05%), and digestive diseases (6.5%) had the highest prevalence rates. 50.7% of the patients were women and 49.3% were men; the prevalence of systemic diseases was 41.5% below 45 years of age and 48.5% over 45 years of age. Medical consultation was requested for 702 patients, and drug intake was observed in 2029 patients. Request for medical advice and drug intake were more frequent in women and at over 45 years of age. Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of systemic diseases (41.4%) is high. Hypertension showed the highest prevalence. The incidence of systemic diseases increases with age and is higher in women.
2Professor medical sciences , department of microbiology, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran 3 Dentist ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Background and aim: Reduction of oral pathogens is very important in the healing of oral ulcers and infections. The side effects of chemical drugs have attracted more attention to medicinal plants. The present study assessed the effect of clove, thyme, garlic, and cinnamon ethanolic extracts on the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, suspensions of standard strains of S. mutans (PTCC5027) and Lactobacillus (PTCC1608) were inoculated on Müller-Hinton agar using a sterile swab. 10 g of crushed and dried plants was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol, and an ethanolic extract was obtained after passing through a filter and evaporation. 10 μl of each extract was poured onto blank discs which were placed on plates containing bacteria. A disc containing the control groups, including 0.2% chlorhexidine and a blank disc, was also placed on the plates. The plates were placed in a jar for 24 hours at 37°C and then the inhibition zone diameter around each disc was measured. Ten replicates were performed for each herbal extract. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests. Results: All four ethanolic herbal extracts were able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and Lactobacilli. For both bacteria, the largest inhibition zone was observed with chlorhexidine, followed by clove, thyme, garlic, and cinnamon, respectively. There was a significant difference between the inhibition zone diameters formed by the extracts (P<0.01). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of clove showed more prominent antibacterial effects than ethanolic extracts of thyme, garlic, and cinnamon. Please cite this paper as: Moezzi ghadim N, Taghibakhsh M, Godarzi H, Liravinezhad hoseini N, Alirezaei S. Evaluation of the Effect of Four Herbal Extracts on Growth of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci. 2018;3(2):7-13.
Background and Aim: Diode laser is a great choice for soft tissue surgery. The diode laser is partially absorbed by hard dental tissues, making it safe for soft tissue surgery. This study aimed to compare the tissue thermal changes induced by three types of diode lasers at 810, 940, and 980nm wavelengths. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, using a diode laser device (continuous mode with a 400μm fiber tip) at each of the 810, 940, and 980nm wavelengths and powers of 1, 2, and 3W in contact mode, incisions with the length of 2cm were made on pieces of meat over a period of 10 seconds. The primary and secondary temperatures were measured using a thermocouple. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result: Tissue temperature changes induced by diode laser at 810nm/3W were significantly greater than that of 2W power. These changes were higher with 2W of power compared to 1W (P<0.05). Temperature changes induced by diode laser at 940nm/2 and 3W were significantly greater than that of 1W power (P<0.05). Temperature changes induced by diode laser at 980nm/3W were significantly greater than that of 2W power. Tissue temperature changes were higher with 2W of power compared to 1W (P<0.05). Conclusion: Diode laser (continuous mode with a 400µm fiber tip) at 3W of power and 980nm wavelength caused the highest rate of thermal changes. The 810nm diode laser with the power of 1W caused the slightest heat changes in the soft tissue.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has several benefits in dentistry, including anti-inflammatory effects and increased proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 445 nm blue laser and 660 nm low-power laser on the quantity and quality of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. In this in vitro experimental study, 445 nm and 660 nm lasers were irradiated on the samples six times. After examining the cells on the 7 th and 14 th days, the data were analyzed using ANOVA PASS11 and the post hoc Tukey test. The results showed the positive effect of the 660 nm laser on fibroblast proliferation. The viability on the 7 th day was the highest in the control group, lowest in the 445 nm laser group and highest in the 660 nm laser group on the 14 th day. In the morphological examination, the cells were spherical with narrow appendages in the control group, spindle-shaped with lamellipodia appendages in the 660 nm laser group and spherical with no cytoplasmic appendages in the 445 nm laser group. Evidence of necrosis and granulation phenomenon was observed in the 445 nm laser group. The use of the 660 nm low-power laser, compared with the 445 nm laser, has a positive effect on the quantity and quality of gingival fibroblasts.
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